Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 28;13:968378. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968378

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2022 Getsy, Baby, May, Bates, Ellis, Feasel, Wilson, Lewis, Gaston, Hsieh and Lewis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Cumulative changes in ventilatory parameters recorded over the 60-min period that followed the second injection of vehicle or L-cysteine methyl ester (L-CYSme, 500 μmol/kg, IV) in rats injected with morphine (10 mg/kg, IV). Panel (A) frequency of breathing (Freq), tidal volume (TV), minute ventilation (MV), inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (Te), Ti/Te, end inspiratory pause (EIP), and end expiratory pause (EEP). Panel (B) peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), PIF/PEF, relaxation time (RT), expiratory flow at 50% of expired tidal volume (EF₅₀), apneic pause (AP), inspiratory drive (InspD, TV/Ti), expiratory drive (ExpD, TV/Te), non-eupneic breathing index (NEBI), and NEBI/freq (NEBI/F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. There were 6 rats in each group. *p < 0.05 significant difference from Pre values. ^† p < 0.05, significant difference between L-CYSme versus vehicle.