Figure 4.

AMPK activation enhances GPX4-dependent ferroptosis. (a and b) Western blotting assay and qRT-PCR show the changes of p-AMPK and GPX4 protein levels and GPX4 mRNA level in cells treated with AICAR and siAMPK. All groups were treated with erastin. (c) Cell death measurement presents the effect of AICAR and oeGPX4 on erastin-induced cell death. Independent experiments were repeated three times and representative data were shown. (d–f) The measurement of GSH, MDA, and cellular iron levels in cells treated with AICAR and oeGPX4. Data shown represent mean ± SD from at least three independent experiments. Comparisons were performed using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. Fer-1: ferrostatin-1. ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.01, and ^###p < 0.001.