Table 2.
Methods of CRISPR/Cas9 transfer.
| Transfer methods | Principle | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electroporation | Enhance membrane permeability by short electric impulses | Non-immunogenicity and efficient | Lower cellular viability |
| Magnetofection | Directed to cells by using the magnetic field | Without damaging the cell membranes | High cost |
| Microfluidics | Exploiting the deformability of cell membranes | Integration | Inability to complete delivery in vivo |
| Ultrasonic | Induced pore formation in cell membranes | Non-invasiveness | Low controllability |
| Microinjection | With the use of microneedles | High transfection efficiency | Need high proficiency requirements |
| Lentivirus | Interaction with target cell surface receptors | Sustained expression | Recombination occurs in vivo |
| Adenovirus | Interaction with target cell surface receptors | High security | Momentary expression |
| Dendrimers | Electrostatic interaction | Precise and controllable physical and chemical properties | Cytotoxicity |
| Liposomes | Electrostatic interaction | High transfection efficiency | Cytotoxicity |
| Micelles | Electrostatic interaction | Low cytotoxicity | Low transfection efficiency |