Table 1.
Characteristics of patients attending primary care in the San Francisco, San Diego, and Houston VAs in 2020
| Characteristic |
San Francisco VA (n = 21,701) |
San Diego VA (n = 51,113) |
Houston VA (n = 79,526) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age; mean (SD) | 65 (16) | 56 (17) | 59 (16) |
| Female; n (%) | 1,720 (8) | 6,475 (13) | 9,959 (12) |
| Race/Ethnicity; n (%) | |||
| White | 13,760 (63) | 30,178 (59) | 47,409 (60) |
| Black | 1,874 (9) | 8,027 (16) | 26,724 (34) |
| Asian | 1,298 (6) | 5,822 (11) | 772 (1) |
| Alaska Native/American Indian | 235 (1) | 521 (1) | 340 (0.4) |
| Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander | 296 (1) | 1179 (2) | 727 (1) |
| Hispanic | 1,270 (6) | 8,629 (17) | 8,955 (11) |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Type 2 diabetes; n (%) | 4,255 (20) | 9,902 (19) | 22,437 (28) |
| Hypertension; n (%) | 18,837 (87) | 39,552 (77) | 69,255 (87) |
| Cardiovascular disease; n (%) | 4,759 (22) | 6,722 (13) | 16,240 (20) |
| Chronic Kidney Disease; n (%) | 3,701 (17) | 6,143 (12) | 10,339 (13) |
| CKD testing, by co-morbidity subgroups | |||
| Type 2 diabetes | N = 4,255 | N = 9,902 | N = 22,437 |
| eGFR creatinine; n (%) | 3,613 (85) | 8,718 (88) | 19,601 (87) |
| eGFR cystatin C; n (%) | 194 (5) | NA | NA |
| ACR; n (%) | 2,389 (56) | 5,327 (54) | 665 (3) |
| PCR; n (%) | 135 (2) | 533 (5) | 662 (3) |
| Urine albumin without creatinine | 34 (0.8) | 1,001 (10) | 11,044 (49) |
| Urine protein without creatinine | 1,541 (36) | 48 (0.5) | 14,504 (64) |
| Hypertension without type 2 diabetes | N = 14,697 | N = 30,057 | N = 47,462 |
| eGFR creatinine; n (%) | 9,877 (67.2) | 22,513 (74.9) | 3,6878(77.7) |
| eGFR cystatin C; n (%) | 306 (2) | NA | NA |
| ACR; n (%) | 1,595 (10) | 4,465 (14.8) | 329 (0.7) |
| PCR; n (%) | 191 (1.3) | 426 (1.4) | 575 (1.2) |
| Urine albumin without creatinine; n (%) | 32 (0.2) | 2,111 (7.0) | 12,150 (25.6) |
| Urine protein without creatinine; n (%) | 4,413 (30.0) | 83 (0.3) | 27,132 (57.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease without type 2 diabetes | N = 3,254 | N = 4,028 | N = 8,578 |
| eGFR creatinine; n (%) | 2,405 (73.9) | ,3376 (83.8) | 7,180 (83.7) |
| eGFR cystatin C; n (%) | 112 (3.4) | NA | NA |
| ACR; n (%) | 430 (13.2) | 687 (17.0) | 94 (1.1) |
| PCR; n (%) | 80 (2.5) | 153 (3.8) | 182 (2.1) |
| Urine albumin without creatinine; n (%) | 4 (0.1) | 202 (5.0) | 2,253 (26.3) |
| Urine protein without creatinine; n (%) | 1,104 (33.9) | 16 (0.4) | 5,188 (60.5) |
| CKD treatment | |||
| Patients with albuminuria on ACEI/ARB; n (%) | 1,339 (78.1%) | 2,448 (75.2) | 1,150 (86.7) |
| Patients with albuminuria on SGLT2i; n (%) | 130 (7.6) | 431 (13.2) | 93 (7.0) |
CKD Chronic kidney disease, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ACR Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, PCR Urinary protein to creatinine ratio, ACEI/ARB Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, SGLT2i Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
NA Not applicable; cystatin C testing commenced at these sites in 2021