Table 1.
Antimalarial activity against P. falciparum and the cytotoxicity of compounds from M. siamensis
| Compound | IC50 (µM) | CC50 (µM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| K1 | Vero cell | HepG2 | |
| Lupeol (1) | 18.78 ± 3.45a,b | > 80 | 29.27 ± 1.47a,b |
| 4,5-Dihydroxy-3-methoxylxanthone (2) | 20.96 ± 3.56a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 4-Hydroxyxanthone (3) | 68.55 ± 2.54a,b | 48.13 ± 1.68 a,b | 46.12 ± 1.66 a,b |
| 1,7-Dihydroxyxanthone (4) | 41.67 ± 2.23a,b | 7.90 ± 0.90 | 13.27 ± 1.12 a,b |
| Mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol (5) | 45.00 ± 3.51a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| Mammea A/AA cyclo D (6) | 45.62 ± 3.12a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| Mammea A/AA cyclo F (7) | 49.89 ± 0.42a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 1,6-Dihydroxyxanthone (8) | 47.94 ± 5.16a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 1-Hydroxy-5,6,7-trimethoxyxanthone (9) | 9.57 ± 1.59 a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 3,4,5-Trihydroxyxanthone (10) | 15.48 ± 2.63a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 5-Hydroxy-1-methoxyxanthone (11) | 29.32 ± 4.44a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 2-Hydroxyxanthone (12) | 74.97 ± 0.88 a,b | > 80 | > 80 |
| 1,5-Dihydroxy-6-methoxyxanthone (13) | 22.27 ± 1.67a,b | > 80 | 30.54 ± 1.49 a,b |
| Chloroquine* | 103.2 ± 4.50 | ND | ND |
| Artesunate* | 0.53 ± 0.04 | ND | ND |
| Doxorubicin | ND | 1.46 ± 0.16 | 1.11 ± 0.05 |
ND = not determined
aStatistically significant difference between chloroquine and the compound, p < 0.05 (mean ± S.D. of three determinations)
bStatistically significant difference between artesunate and the compound, p < 0.05 (mean ± S.D. of three determinations)
*Concentration of positive control with IC50 unit expressed in nM