Table 2.

Summary of systematic PubMed literature review for the 10 most common ED-S ingredients

		Inclusion in PubMed Searchable Studies					Impact on Erectile Dysfunction in Human Studies
Ingredients	Number of supplements included	Human studies	Animal studies	In vitro studies	Other	Total	Not supplementation oriented	Combined with other ingredients	Studies using non-IIEF outcomes	Pre-/post-intervention IIEF score measured	Positive effect	Negative effect	No effect	Indeterminate
Ginseng (panax ginseng, ginsenosides)	5	6	9	2	24	41	0	1	1	5	5	0	0	0
L-arginine	3	36	144	37	39	256	15	14	3	4	4	0	0	0
Tongkat ali	3	0	3	1	6	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Horny goat weed	3	0	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tribulus terrestris	2	7	5	1	11	24	0	3	0	4	2	0	1	1
Maca root	2	1	0	1	5	7	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Muira puama	2	1	2	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Capsicum annuum	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Zinc	1	8	6	1	17	32	2	1	5	0	0	0	0	0
Epimedium	1	2	8	1	6	17	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saw palmetto berry	1	5	3	0	7	15	1	3	0	1	0	0	1	0
Fenugreek seed	1	1	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0
Yohimbe bark	1	0	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Diindolylmethane	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
AAKG	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Piperine	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gluconolactone	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
L-citrulline malate	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polypodium vulgare	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rehmannia root	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Royal jelly	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
	Total	69	181	45	119	413	18	25	10	16	12	0	3	1

AAKG = (L-arginine-alpha-ketoglutarate).