Table 5.
Schedule of measures administration.
| Measurement | Pretreatment | Treatment (8 weeks) |
Posttreatment | Follow-up month | Longitudinal surveysa |
|
|||||||
| Screening | Baseline |
|
|
1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 |
|
||||
| Demographics | ✓b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Medical history | ✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Mini–International Neuropsychiatric Interview [92] | ✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Childhood Trauma Questionnaire [102] |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale [103] |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Stanford Expectations of Treatment Scale [104] |
|
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Response Style Questionnaire [105] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Trait Meta Mood Scale and Toronto Alexithymia Scale hybrid [106] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Credibility Expectancy Questionnaire [107] |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Satisfaction with treatmentc |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Working Alliance Inventory [108] |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Daily questionnaired |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
| Anxiety Sensitivity Index [109] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
||
| Attentional Control Scale [110] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
||
| Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire [111] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
|
||
| Emotion Regulation Questionnaire [112] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire [113] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Implicit Theories of Emotion Scale [114] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule [115] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire [116] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Patient Global Impression of Change [117] |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Weekly questionnairee |
|
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Sleep bruxismc |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
|
||
| Body pain map [118] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| NIHf PROMISg [119] (mobility, social isolation, and upper-extremity scales) |
|
|
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| NIH PROMIS (anger, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain behavior, pain intensity, pain interference, physical function, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment scales) |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Back pain bothersomenessc |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire [120] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire [121] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Pain interference with sexual activities |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale [122] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [123] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Perceived Stress Scale [124] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [125] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Self-esteemc |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| Satisfaction with Life Scale [126] |
|
✓ |
|
✓ |
|
✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
|
||
| NIH PROMIS (global health scale) |
|
✓ |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
|
|
✓ |
|
||
aLongitudinal surveys will be administered to participants who have been discontinued or withdrawn from the study. These questionnaires will be delivered electronically at 2 weeks and at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months following the completion of their baseline behavioral appointment.
bA checkmark indicates that the measure was administered at the indicated time point.
cThis is a single-item measure.
dThe daily questionnaire consisted of several single items assessing pain severity, various physical health factors, and emotional coping. The questionnaire was administered in 2-week periods at baseline, at the beginning of weeks 1 and 3 of treatment, and posttreatment.
eThe weekly questionnaire consisted of a combination of the following validated measures: Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire; Pain Catastrophizing Scale; Working Alliance Inventory; Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; Fear-Avoidance Belief Questionnaire; PROMIS pain intensity, fatigue, sleep disturbance, sleep interference, depression, anxiety, and anger scales; Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (short form) [127]; Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Measures for assessing frequency and capability of using cognitive and attention regulation to modulate back pain were included, in addition to single-item questions on pain intensity and relaxation.
fNIH: National Institutes of Health.
gPROMIS: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.