Table 4.
Clinical and biological characteristics of the 148 patients infected with variant Omicron at the time of ICU admission according to the existence of underlying immunosuppression
| No immunosuppression | Immunosuppression | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 84 | N = 64 | |||
| Demographics and comorbidities | ||||
| Sex, females | 22 (26.19%) | 20 (31.25%) | 0.499 | |
| Age, years | 64.1 (±10.9) | 63.6 (±10.6) | 0.806 | |
| Diabetes | 27 (32.14%) | 24 (38.10%) | 0.453 | |
| Obesity | 39 (46.99%) | 12 (19.05%) | <0.0001 | |
| Chronic heart failure | 11 (13.10%) | 4 (6.25%) | 0.172 | |
| Hypertension | 38 (45.24%) | 38 (59.38%) | 0.088 | |
| Chronic respiratory failure | 11 (13.10%) | 8 (12.50%) | 0.915 | |
| Chronic renal failure | 5 (6.02%) | 29 (46.03%) | <0.0001 | |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (1.19%) | 2 (3.13%) | 0.408 | |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.50 (1;2) | 3 (2;4) | <0.0001 | |
| Clinical frailty scale | 3 (2;4) | 3 (3;4) | 0.009 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination | ||||
| Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection | 5 (6.02%) | 1 (1.56%) | 0.175 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 vaccination | 34 (40.48%) | 55 (85.94%) | <0.0001 | |
| Number of doses among vaccinated | 2.50 (2;3) | 3 (3;3) | 0.010 | |
| Last dose - ICU admissionb, days | 144 (39;210) | 175 (86;217) | 0.265 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 serology at ICU admission | Unavailable | 38 (45.24%) | 23 (35.94%) | 0.516 |
| Negative | 25 (29.76%) | 23 (35.94%) | ||
| Positive | 21 (25.00%) | 18 (28.13%) | ||
| First symptoms - ICU admission, days | 7 (4.50;10) | 7.50 (4.50;12) | 0.228 | |
| SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swabs, Ct | 25 (20;27) | 20 (18;24) | 0.003 | |
| Patients severity upon ICU admission and biological features | ||||
| WHO 10-point scale | 6 (6;6) | 6 (6;6.5) | 0.531 | |
| SAPS II score | 32.50 (26;42) | 39 (31;49.5) | 0.005 | |
| SOFA score | 4 (2;6) | 5.50 (4;7) | 0.001 | |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 107 (77;147) | 114 (83;167) | 0.362 | |
| Arterial lactate level, mM | 1.65 (1.20;2.35) | 1.55 (0.95;2.05) | 0.096 | |
| Blood leukocytes, G/L | 8.00 (5.90;12.00) | 7.25 (3.70;13.15) | 0.305 | |
| Blood lymphocytes, G/L | 0.60 (0.40;0.90) | 0.30 (0.10;0.50) | <0.0001 | |
| Blood platelets, G/L | 216.50 (162.50;286) | 161 (117;249) | 0.006 | |
| Serum urea level, mM | 7 (5;11) | 14 (9;23) | <0.0001 | |
| Serum creatinine level, µM | 77 (59;101) | 133.50 (96;223.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Bacterial coinfection | 13 (15.48%) | 8 (12.50%) | 0.607 | |
| Pulmonary embolism | 6 (7.23%) | 3 (4.76%) | 0.539 | |
| Lung parenchyma involvement, % | 50 (40;75) | 62 (37;75) | 0.487 | |
| Oxygen/ventilatory support | Oxygen | 15 (17.86%) | 12 (18.75%) | 0.306 |
| High flow oxygen | 43 (51.19%) | 33 (51.56%) | ||
| NIV/C-PAP | 11 (13.10%) | 3 (4.69%) | ||
| Invasive MV | 15 (17.86%) | 16 (25.00%) | ||
| ECMO | 1 (1.20%) | 1 (1.56%) | 0.853 | |
| Vasopressor support | 8 (10.00%) | 11 (17.74%) | 0.179 | |
Results are N (%), means (±standard deviation) or medians (interquartile range, i.e., quartile 1; quartile 3).
ICU intensive care unit, Ct cycle threshold, WHO World Health Organization, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, NIV non-invasive ventilation, C-PAP continuous-positive airway pressure, MV mechanical ventilation, ECMO extracorporeal mechanical ventilation.
aIncludes HIV infection, long-term corticosteroid treatment, and other immunosuppressive treatments.
bTime lag between the last vaccination dose and ICU admission.
cDefined as <30 Binding Antibody Units (BAU)/mL.
Two-tailed p-values come from unadjusted comparisons using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables, and t-tests or Mann–Whitney tests for continuous variables, as appropriate. No adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed; Bolded p-values are significant at the p < 0.05 level.