Table 2.
Dietary intake and physical activity levels at baseline and after 9 weeks' intervention.
| Variable | Group A a | Group B b | P-valuee | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Post-intervention | Δc | P-valued | Baseline | Post-intervention | Δc | P-valued | ||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 2029.24 ± 452.80 | 2120.24 ± 468.05 | 91.00 ± 429.63 | 0.460 | 1734.66 ± 390.95 | 1805.78 747.49 | 71.12 ± 797.34 | 0.744 | 0.937 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 289.51 ± 98.72 | 313.33 ± 76.97 | 57.76 ± 160.95 | 0.223 | 247.71 ± 58.78 | 258.71 ± 89.25 | 54.40 ± 136.44 | 0.701 | 0.954 |
| Protein (g/d) | 72.78 ± 15.39 | 75.83 ± 22.35 | 3.05 ± 23.08 | 0.642 | 70.24 ± 25.22 | 73.43 ± 29.64 | 3.18 ± 43.16 | 0.787 | 0.992 |
| Fat (g/d) | 64.71 (49.71, 84.51) | 65.89 (49.87, 83.25) | 0.97 ± 25.91 | 0.917 | 55.60 (43.68, 71.18) | 65.93 (39.69, 88.68) | 12.46 59.35 | 0.397 | 0.526 |
| SFA (g/d) | 17.18 ± 6.68 | 16.04 ± 4.20 | −1.13 ± 8.00 | 0.620 | 13.10 ± 3.60 | 16.29 ± 8.15 | 3.19 ± 7.80 | 0.150 | 0.168 |
| MUFA (g/d) | 17.95 ± 6.24 | 18.59 ± 5.78 | 0.64 ± 7.88 | 0.773 | 16.07 ± 3.77 | 18.26 ± 7.25 | 2.18 ± 6.78 | 0.249 | 0.589 |
| PUFA (g/d) | 23.48 ± 12.35 | 22.22 ± 10.33 | −1.26 ± 15.72 | 0.777 | 19.99 ± 5.14 | 22.05 ± 13.97 | 2.06 ± 14.28 | 0.597 | 0.569 |
| Magnesium (mg/d) | 184.37 (157.59, 227.56) | 167.85 (142.18, 226.11) | −3.54 (−62.69, 25.08) | 0.507 | 163.19 (138.64, 222.65) | 176.44 (135.19, 238.14) | 14.18 (−61.95, 72.24) | 0.778 | 0.192 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 12.84 ± 4.13 | 12.56 ± 3.26 | 0.45 ± 4.24 | 0.78 | 11.87 ± 5.46 | 13.70 ± 4.16 | 4.38 ± 11.77 | 0.787 | 0.267 |
| Sugar (g/d) | 42.55 (30.79, 60.31) | 46.91 (35.77, 62.56) | −5.75 ± 21.63 | 0.507 | 37.64 (23.45, 58.94) | 45.66 (38.46, 69.62) | 9.51 ± 38.82 | 0.470 | 0.223 |
| PA (METs-hr/d) | 34.52 ± 4.55 | 31.68 ± 4.66 | −2.84 ± 5.96 | 0.190 | 32.91 ± 4.57 | 31.12 ± 6.67 | −1.79 ± 8.04 | 0.522 | 0.757 |
Data are presented as mean ± SD and median (Q1, Q3) for normally and non-normally distributed variables, respectively.
aGroup A: intervention group, received one probiotic capsule (Probio-Tec®BG-VCap-6.5 Pla V2, containing 1.8 × 1010 CFU Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis) plus one magnesium chloride capsule (containing 125 mg elemental magnesium), on a daily basis for 9 weeks.
bGroup B: received two placebo capsules containing maltodextrin on a daily basis for 9 weeks.
CΔcalculated as: (post-intervention – baseline) in each study group.
dP-value for within-group comparisons, obtained from paired samples t-Test and Wilcoxon signed ranked test for normally and non-normally distributed variables, respectively.
eP-value for between-group comparisons, obtained from independent samples t-Test and Mann-Whitney U test for normally and non-normally distributed variables, respectively.
*P ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
SFA, saturated fatty acids; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; PA, physical activity; METs, metabolic equivalents; CFU, Colony Forming Unit.