Table 1.

Descriptive statistics summarizing diabetes-related mortality rate and explanatory variables (N = 3109 contiguous US counties, aggregated data span from 2003 to 2010).

Variables	Quantiles (25%, 75%)	Mean (Std. Err.) [95% Conf. Interval]	SD	Min	Max	VIF
DRMR per 100,000 population	(9.80, 227.0)	60.62 (0.57)[60.01, 62.25]	31.86	5.84	229	NA
Spatial Proximity Index (SPI)	(0.97, 1.62)	1.06(0.00)[1.05,1.06]	0.09	0.00	1.68	1.27
Proportion of Hispanic Population	(0.00, 0.93)	0.08(0.00)[0.07,0.08]	0.13	0.00	0.99	2.03
Proportion of Black Population	(0.00, 0.81)	0.09(0.00)[0.08,0.09]	0.14	0.00	0.87	1.59
Socioeconomic index	(−2.80, 4.19)	0.00(0.02)[−0.03,0.03]	0.94	−2.90	4.62	2.21
GiniI coefficient (Income Disparity)	(0.31, 0.59)	0.43(0.00)[0.43,0.43]	0.04	0.21	0.65	1.67
No. of Hospital beds per 1000 population	(0.00, 48.19)	3.56 (0.09)[3.38,3.73]	4.96	0.00	68.64	1.37
No. of Active MD per 10,000 population	(0.00, 15.24)	1.25(0.03)[1.20,1.31]	1.49	0.00	26.94	1.70
Proportion of uninsured Adults	(0.08, 0.46)	0.64(0.00)[0.64,0.64]	0.04	0.00	0.73	2.19
Social Capital Index (SCI)	(−3.13, 7.54)	0.00(0.02) [−0.05,0.05]	1.34	−3.86	15.97	1.87
Proportion of Adults meets PA guideline	(0.52, 0.73)	0.21(0.00)[0.21,0.21]	0.06	0.07	0.51	1.25
Retail food Environment Index (RFEI)	(0.00, 1.89)	0.63(0.01)[0.62,0.64]	0.30	0.00	2.29	1.59
Percent Low Access to Grocery Stores	(0.00, 15.22)	3.03(0.04)[2.95,3.11]	2.18	0.00	29.51	1.85
Rural-urban Continuum	(0.00, 1.00)	0.40(0.01)[0.39,0.41]	0.31	0.00	1.00	2.84

DRMR = Diabetes related mortality rate; MD = medical doctors; VIF = Variance Inflation Factor; PA = Physical Activity.