Table 6.
Mental health outcomes (N=76).
| Construct- outcome measure | Baseline | Follow-up | Between-group comparisons | |||||||
|
|
Inuka group (n=45), mean (SD) | WhatsApp group (n=31), mean (SD) | t (df) | P value | Inuka group (n=45), mean (SD) | WhatsApp group (n=31), mean (SD) | F (df) | P value | ||
| Common mental disorders (Shona Symptoms Questionnaire) | 8.0 (2.6) | 8.1 (2.0) | 10.116 (74) | .91 | 5.4 (2.1) | 6.48 (1.6) | 2.63 (2,73) | .08 | ||
| Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) | 10.4 (5.5) | 13.2 (2.3) | −2.725 (74) | .008 | 6.9 (4.0) | 9.7 (2.8) | 7.67 (2,73) | <.001 | ||
| Anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) | 10.5 (5.8) | 12.1 (2.7) | −1.630 (74) | .15 | 7.2 (4.4) | 9.1 (2.7) | 2.95 (2,73) | .06 | ||
| Disability and functioning (WHOa Disability Assessment Schedule) | 23.1 (9.0) | 22.1 (5.4) | −1.766 (74) | .08 | 18.4 (5.1) | 17.8 (2.1) | 0.273 (2,73) | .76 | ||
| Social support (multidimensional scale of perceived social support) | 25.9 (5.2) | 27.7 (3.1) | −1.766 (74) | .08 | 28.2 (4.5) | 28.4 (3.3) | 1.545 (2,73) | .22 | ||
| HRQoLb (EQ-5Dc utility score) | 0.807 (0.139) | 0.745 (1.69) | 1.735 (74) | .09 | 0.859 (0.124) | 0.850 (0.077) | 1.49 (2,73) | .23 | ||
| HRQoL (EQ-5D visual analog scale score) | 62.1 (20.2) | 58.6 (12.5) | 0.870 (74) | .39 | 73.2 (11.5) | 63.6 (10.4) | 7.287 (2,73) | .001 | ||
aWHO: World Health Organization.
bHRQoL: health-related quality of life.
cEQ-5D: EuroQol-5 dimensions.