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. 2022 Feb 18;75(8):1379–1388. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac152

Table 3.

Analysis of Covariance of Change in Log-Transformed Creatinine from Enrollment (Hour 0) to 72 Hours

Group Total N % Change in Creatinine a (Acetaminophen) n (Acetaminophen) % Change in 
Creatinine a 
(Control) n (Control) Analysis of Covariance Coefficient b P Value
Entire cohort 365 –14.9 (18.1) 181 –14.6 (16.0) 184 –0.0056 (–0.050 to 0.039) 0.81
 Maximum CFHb ≥77 600c ng/mL 182 –17.3 (19.3) 100 –14.8 (15.2) 82 –0.040 (–0.11 to 0.028) 0.25
 Maximum CFHb <77 600 ng/mL 183 –15.3 (16.2) 82 –14.6 (16.7) 101 –0.038 (–0.021 to 0.097) 0.20
Severe malaria subgroup
  Severe malaria 33 –31.0 (26.5) 16 –20.4 (21.5) 17 –0.20 (–0.45 to 0.53) 0.12
  Maximum CFHb ≥77 600 ng/mL 22 –35.8 (26.7) 13 –19.0 (16.6) 9 –0.30 (–0.63 to 0.03) 0.07
  Maximum CFHb <77 600 ng/mL 3 –10.2 (13.8) 8 –21.9 (27.1) 3 –0.44 (–0.21 to 1.09) 0.15
  Uncomplicated malaria 332 –13.3 (16.4) 165 –14.1 (15.2) 167 –0.006 (–0.037 to 0.025) 0.69
  Maximum CFHb ≥77 600 ng/mL 160 –14.5 (16.5) 87 –14.3 (15.1) 73 –0.021 (–0.061 to 0.019) 0.31
  Maximum CFHb <77 600 ng/mL 172 –12.0 (16.3) 79 –14.0 (15.5) 93 0.015 (–0.032 to 0.061) 0.54
AKI subgroup
  AKI 109 –28.5 (21.2) 53 –27.4 (16) 56 –0.057 (–0.16 to 0.043) 0.26
  Maximum CFHb ≥77 600 ng/mL 56 –34.5 (20.7) 31 –25.9 (15.8) 25 –0.15 (–0.30 to –0.0065) 0.041
  Maximum CFHb <77 600 ng/mL 53 –20.0 (19.2) 22 –28.5 (–16.6) 31 0.080 (–0.55 to 0.22) 0.24
  No AKI 256 –9.3 (13.2) 128 –9.1 (12.3) 128 –0.0085 (–0.040 to 0.23) 0.60
  Maximum CFHb ≥77 600 ng/mL 126 –9.6 (12.6) 69 –9.9 (12.1) 57 –0.0089 (–0.051 to 0.034) 0.68
  Maximum CFHb <77 600 ng/mL 129 –9.0 (14.0) 59 –8.5 (12.6) 70 –0.0031 (–0.051 to 0.045) 0.90

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; CFHb, cell-free hemoglobin.

Mean percent change in creatinine from 0 to 72 hours (SD).

Analysis of covariance in change in log-transformed creatinine from 0 to 72 hours using baseline creatinine as a covariate. Coefficient (95% confidence interval).

Median maximum CFHb.