Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants (n, %)
| NF | PF | F | F/Z/χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65–74 | 78 (78.0) | 55 (59.8) | 30 (32.6) | 40.691 | <0.001 a,b,c |
| ≥75 | 22 (22.0) | 37 (40.2) | 62 (67.4) | |||
| Gender | Male | 47 (47.0) | 36 (39.1) | 37 (40.2) | 1.447 | 0.485 |
| Female | 53 (53.0) | 56 (60.9) | 55 (59.8) | |||
| BMI | <18.5 | 2 (2.0.) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 3.076 | 0.799 |
| 18.5–23.9 | 41 (41.0) | 34 (37.0) | 39 (42.4) | |||
| 24.0–27.9 | 45 (45.0) | 37 (40.2) | 35 (38.0) | |||
| ≥28.0 | 12 (12.0) | 18 (19.6) | 15 (16.3) | |||
| Occupation | Mental work | 55 (55.0) | 42 (45.7) | 45 (48.9) | 1.739 | 0.419 |
| Manual labor | 45 (45.0) | 50 (54.3) | 47 (51.1) | |||
| Education | Junior high school and below | 63 (63.0) | 62 (67.4) | 58 (63.0) | 0.518 | 0.772 |
| High school and above | 37 (37.0) | 30 (32.6) | 34 (37.0) | |||
| Marital status | Married/cohabiting | 87 (87.0) | 74 (80.4) | 74 (80.4) | 1.956 | 0.376 |
| Other | 13 (13.0) | 18 (19.6) | 18 (19.6) | |||
| Number of children | 0–1 | 33 (33.0) | 26 (28.3) | 17 (18.5) | 21.464 | <0.001 b,c |
| 2 | 38 (38.0) | 44 (47.8) | 26 (28.3) | |||
| ≥3 | 29 (29.0) | 22 (23.9) | 49 (53.3) | |||
| Visit frequency | Often visit | 86 (86.0) | 71 (77.2) | 78 (84.8) | 3.01 | 0.222 |
| Other | 14 (14.0) | 21 (22.8) | 14 (15.2) | |||
| Monthly income | <5000 | 84 (84.0) | 65 (70.7) | 66 (71.7) | 5.805 | 0.055 |
| ≥5000 | 16 (16.0) | 27 (29.3) | 26 (28.3) | |||
| Living situation | Living alone | 12 (12.0) | 13 (14.1) | 17 (18.5) | 1.643 | 0.44 |
| Living with Family | 88 (88.0) | 79 (85.9) | 75 (81.5) | |||
| Number of comorbidities | 0–1 | 93 (93.0) | 78 (84.8) | 67 (72.8) | 14.463 | 0.001 b |
| ≥2 | 7 (7.0) | 14 (15.2) | 25 (27.2) | |||
| History of surgery | No | 91 (91.0) | 71 (77.2) | 67 (72.8) | 11.178 | 0.004 a,b |
| Yes | 9 (9.0) | 21 (22.8) | 25 (27.2) | |||
| Smoking | No smoking or occasional smoking | 96 (96.0) | 85 (92.4) | 85 (92.4) | 1.421 | 0.491 |
| Smoking | 4 (4.0) | 7 (7.6) | 7 (7.6) | |||
| Drinking | No alcohol | 92 (92.0) | 86 (93.5) | 91 (98.9) | 4.996 | 0.082 |
| Drinking | 8 (8.0) | 6 (6.5) | 1 (1.1) | |||
| Medication | No medication | 48 (48.0) | 39 (42.4) | 33 (35.9) | 2.891 | 0.236 |
| Long-term medication | 52 (52.0) | 53 (57.6) | 59 (64.1) | |||
| Exercise frequency | Not exercising regularly | 4 (4.0) | 5 (5.4) | 15 (16.3) | 10.977 | 0.004 b |
| Exercise regularly | 96 (96.0) | 87 (94.6) | 77 (83.7) | |||
| Fatigue | ≤5 | 84 (84.0) | 67 (72.8) | 50 (54.3) b, c | 20.646 | <0.001 b,c |
| ≥6 | 16 (16.0) | 25 (27.2) | 42 (45.7) | |||
| Character type | Introvert | 9 (9.0) | 13 (14.1) | 16 (17.4) | 5.189 | 0.268 |
| Middle | 65 (65.0) | 48 (52.2) | 51 (55.4) | |||
| Extroversion | 26 (26.0) | 31 (37.7) | 25 (27.2) | |||
| Acute events | Yet to happen | 97 (97.0) | 87 (94.6) | 80 (87.0) b | 7.921 | 0.019 |
| Happen | 3 (3.0) | 5 (5.4) | 12 (13.0) | |||
| Pattern 1 | Ordinary diet | −0.32 (−0.59, 0.06) | −0.14 (−0.43, 0.21) | −0.08 (−0.40, 0.36) | 14.471 | 0.003 b |
| Pattern 2 | High fat diet | −0.27 (−0.61, 0.40) | −0.25 (−0.57, 0.08) | −0.08 (−0.50, 0.66) | 4.5 | 0.105 |
Notes: NF vs PF: a indicates P<0.017; NF vs F: b indicates P<0.017; PF vs F: c indicates P<0.017.