Table 2.

2 (Birth-assigned Sex: Male/Female) × 2 (Diagnostic Category: Non-ASD/ASD) × 2 (Gender Identity: Cisgender/Transgender) ANOVA results

Measure	Effect	F	p	${\eta }_p^2$	Direction of main effects
GIDYQ	Sex	12.55	< 0.001	0.04	Birth-assigned females < Birth-assigned males
	Gender identity	1947.98	< 0.001	0.85	Transgender < Cisgender
	Diagnostic category	28.73	< 0.001	0.08	Autistic < Non-autistic
	Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	41.11	< 0.001	0.11
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity	3.35	0.068	0.01
	Sex $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.78	0.378	0.00
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.10	0.756	0.00
RCGI	Sex	92.67	< 0.001	0.22	Birth-assigned females < Birth-assigned males
	Gender identity	361.98	< 0.001	0.52	Transgender < Cisgender
	Diagnostic category	16.63	< 0.001	0.05	Autistic < Non-autistic
	Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	7.37	0.007	0.02
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity	1.10	0.295	0.00
	Sex $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.83	0.364	0.00
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.99	0.322	0.00
AQ	Sex	3.32	0.069	0.01	Birth-assigned females = Birth-assigned males
	Gender identity	22.79	< 0.001	0.06	Transgender > Cisgender
	Diagnostic category	167.92	< 0.001	0.33	Autistic > Non-autistic
	Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.21	0.645	0.00
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity	2.67	0.103	0.01
	Sex $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.26	0.608	0.00
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	0.34	0.563	0.00
RMIE	Sex	7.50	0.006	0.02	Birth-assigned females < Birth-assigned males
Measure	Effect	F	p	${\eta }_p^2$	Direction of the main effects
	Gender identity	19.02	< 0.001	0.05	Transgender > Cisgender
	Diagnostic category	45.40	< 0.001	0.12	Autistic < Non-autistic
	Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	12.63	< 0.001	0.04
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity	2.33	0.128	0.01
	Sex $\times$ Diagnostic category	7.34	0.007	0.02
	Sex $\times$ Gender identity $\times$ Diagnostic category	1.59	0.209	0.01

Sex Sex-assigned at birth, GIDYQ Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire, RCGI Recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire, AQ Autism-Spectrum Quotient, RMIE Reading the Mind in the Eyes