Table 2.
Correlation between the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and demographic-economic, and lifestyle risk factors in 2017 and 2022
| Variable category | 2017 (n=4780) | 2022 (n=3734) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| No. | No. (%) positive | P | No. | No. (%) positive | P | |
| Gender | 0.003 | 0.918 | ||||
| Male | 2178 | 1363 (62.6%) | 1340 | 582 (43.4%) | ||
| Female | 2602 | 1517 (58.3%) | 2394 | 1045 (43.7%) | ||
| Ethnicity | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Hui | 1334 | 931 (69.8%) | 1127 | 536 (47.8%) | ||
| Han | 3321 | 1878 (56.5%) | 2510 | 1050 (41.8%) | ||
| Age (years) | < 0.001 | 0.236 | ||||
| < 44 | 2008 | 1070 (53.3%) | 1166 | 491 (42.1%) | ||
| 44~59 | 2169 | 1315 (60.6%) | 1577 | 683 (43.3%) | ||
| > 59 | 603 | 495 (82.1%) | 991 | 453 (45.7%) | ||
| Geographical location | < 0.001 | 0.013 | ||||
| Rural | 2358 | 1587 (67.3%) | 1835 | 762 (41.5%) | ||
| Town | 2422 | 1420 (58.6%) | 1899 | 865 (45.6%) | ||
| Jobs | < 0.001 | 0.019 | ||||
| Farmer or worker | 2716 | 1743 (64.2%) | 2200 | 994 (45.2%) | ||
| Civil servant or other | 2064 | 1137 (55.1%) | 1534 | 633 (41.3%) | ||
| Education level | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Elementary | 2907 | 1978 (68.0%) | 1925 | 911 (47.3%) | ||
| Junior/High School | 992 | 567 (57.2%) | 691 | 276 (39.9%) | ||
| College and above | 881 | 335 (38.0%) | 1118 | 440 (39.4%) | ||
| Household members | 0.445 | 0.012 | ||||
| 1 | 376 | 226 (60.1%) | 125 | 50 (40.0%) | ||
| 2-4 | 3890 | 2331 (59.9%) | 3096 | 1323 (42.7%) | ||
| > 5 | 514 | 323 (62.8%) | 513 | 254 (49.5%) | ||
| Monthly household income | < 0.001 | 0.002 | ||||
| ≤ 3000 | 1124 | 817 (72.9%) | 1388 | 657 (47.3%) | ||
| 3000~5000 | 1942 | 1110 (57.2%) | 1723 | 717 (41.6%) | ||
| ≥ 5000 | 1714 | 935 (54.6%) | 623 | 253 (40.6%) | ||
| Smoking | < 0.001 | 0.958 | ||||
| Yes | 747 | 561 (75.1%) | 413 | 179 (43.3%) | ||
| No | 4033 | 2319 (57.5%) | 3321 | 1448 (43.6%) | ||
| Drinking | < 0.001 | 0.550 | ||||
| Yes | 574 | 406 (70.7%) | 192 | 88 (45.8%) | ||
| No | 4206 | 2474 (58.8%) | 3542 | 1539 (43.5%) | ||
| Eating raw vegetables | 0.090 | 0.460 | ||||
| Yes | 1452 | 849 (58.5%) | 1026 | 437 (42.6%) | ||
| No | 3328 | 2031 (61.0%) | 2708 | 1190 (43.9%) | ||
| Eating fruits | < 0.001 | 0.001 | ||||
| Occasionally | 1314 | 962 (73.2%) | 993 | 479 (48.25) | ||
| Frequently | 3466 | 1918 (55.3%) | 2741 | 1148 (41.9%) | ||
| Eating fried foods | < 0.001 | 0.814 | ||||
| Occasionally | 3471 | 2074 (59.8%) | 2881 | 1252 (43.5%) | ||
| Frequently | 1039 | 806 (77.6%) | 853 | 375 (44.0%) | ||
| Eating spicy foods | 0.180 | 0.647 | ||||
| Occasionally | 2826 | 1725 (61.0%) | 2516 | 1103 (43.8%) | ||
| Frequently | 1954 | 1155 (59.1%) | 1218 | 524 (43.0%) | ||
| Eating pickled foods | 0.029 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Occasionally | 3859 | 2296 (59.5%) | 3208 | 1322 (41.2%) | ||
| Frequently | 921 | 584 (63.4%) | 526 | 305 (58%) | ||
| Drinking tea | 0.021 | 0.146 | ||||
| Occasionally | 3136 | 1852 (59.1%) | 2647 | 1133 (42.8%) | ||
| Frequently | 1644 | 1028 (62.5%) | 1087 | 494 (45.4%) | ||
| Wash hands before eating and after using the toilet | < 0.001 | 0.607 | ||||
| Occasionally | 872 | 603 (69.2%) | 342 | 154 (45.0%) | ||
| Frequently | 3908 | 2277 (58.3%) | 3392 | 1473 (43.4%) | ||
| Families sharing tableware | < 0.001 | 0.974 | ||||
| Yes | 2928 | 2036 (69.5%) | 2043 | 891 (43.6%) | ||
| No | 1852 | 844 (45.6%) | 1691 | 736 (43.5%) | ||
| Indoor pets | < 0.001 | 0.170 | ||||
| Yes | 927 | 660 (71.2%) | 375 | 176 (46.9%) | ||
| No | 3853 | 2220 (57.6%) | 3359 | 1451 (43.2%) | ||