Table 2.
Associations between smoking and participant demographics.
| Variables | Smoking | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boys | Girls | |||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Family type | ||||
| South Korean mother–Foreign father | 1.26 | (0.66–2.40) | 2.58 | (1.13–5.90) |
| South Korean father–Foreign mother | 0.99 | (0.79–1.25) | 1.49 | (1.11–2.00) |
| Both Foreign parents | 2.51 | (1.73–3.66) | 3.82 | (2.34–6.23) |
| Both South Korean parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| School year | ||||
| 7th | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| 8th | 2.25 | (1.99–2.54) | 2.28 | (1.88–2.77) |
| 9th | 3.72 | (3.30–4.18) | 2.79 | (2.33–3.35) |
| 10th | 4.72 | (4.21–5.30) | 2.99 | (2.50–3.58) |
| 11th | 5.10 | (4.55–5.73) | 2.90 | (2.42–3.47) |
| 12th | 5.65 | (5.04–6.34) | 2.85 | (2.38–3.40) |
| Economic situation | ||||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Average | 0.85 | (0.82–0.89) | 0.84 | (0.79–0.90) |
| Bad | 0.91 | (0.85–0.97) | 0.97 | (0.88–1.07) |
| Academic grade | ||||
| Good | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Average | 1.21 | (1.15–1.27) | 1.08 | (0.99–1.17) |
| Bad | 1.87 | (1.78–1.97) | 1.87 | (1.73–2.02) |
| Mother's education | ||||
| Middle school | 1.12 | (0.96–1.31) | 1.35 | (1.11–1.65) |
| High school | 1.10 | (1.04–1.15) | 1.12 | (1.04–1.20) |
| University | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Father's education | ||||
| Middle school | 1.25 | (1.09–1.44) | 1.18 | (0.97–1.43) |
| High school | 1.10 | (1.05–1.16) | 1.20 | (1.12–1.30) |
| University | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol use | ||||
| Yes | 7.57 | (7.21–7.94) | 13.91 | (12.66–15.29) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Stress | ||||
| A lot | 1.01 | (0.91–1.12) | 0.78 | (0.60–1.01) |
| A little | 0.97 | (0.88–1.07) | 0.73 | (0.56–0.94) |
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Depression | ||||
| Yes | 1.38 | (1.31–1.45) | 1.51 | (1.41–1.61) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Suicide ideation | ||||
| Yes | 1.18 | (1.10–1.27) | 1.53 | (1.42–1.65) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Region | ||||
| Metropolitans | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
| Rurals | 1.06 | (0.96–1.18) | 0.91 | (0.77–1.08) |
| Smoking exposure at home | ||||
| Yes | 1.31 | (1.26–1.37) | 1.34 | (1.26–1.43) |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||