Table 3.

Mediation models: Total, direct, and indirect effects and relationships among model variables.

Effect	β	SE	p	95% CI [lower, upper]
Total	0.35 (0.46)	0.08 (0.07)	< 0.001 (< 0.001)	[0.226, 0.539] ([0.311, 0.594])

Effect	β	Bootstrap SE		Bootstrap 95% CI [lower, upper]
Indirect	0.14 (0.18)	0.04 (0.04)		[0.073, 0.222] ([0.111, 0.265])

Model AL	Consequent
Antecedent	Vigor at work			Work engagement
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
AL	0.29	0.06	< 0.001	0.21	0.07	0.002
Vigor at work	–	–	–	0.49	0.08	< 0.001
CV1	0.04	0.12	0.566	0.02	0.13	0.678
CV2	0.06	0.01	0.495	0.05	0.01	0.446
CV3	0.07	0.13	0.322	−0.15	0.13	0.011
CV4	0.09	0.01	0.259	0.01	0.01	0.845
Constant	*4.18	0.46	< 0.001	*0.74	0.58	0.209
	$R^2=$ 0.09 F (5, 209) = 3.508, p = 0.005			$R^2=$ 0.37 F (6, 208) = 19.972, p < 0.001

Model TFL	Consequent
Antecedent	Vigor at work			Work engagement
	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
TFL	0.42	0.06	< 0.001	0.27	0.07	< 0.001
Vigor at work	–	–	–	0.44	0.08	< 0.001
CV1	0.04	0.11	0.535	0.03	0.12	0.609
CV2	0.08	0.01	0.334	0.07	0.01	0.314
CV3	0.07	0.13	0.346	− 0.15	0.12	0.007
CV4	0.13	0.01	0.122	0.04	0.01	0.605
Constant	*3.59	0.47	< .001	*0.61	0.55	0.271
	$R^2=$ 0.18 F (5, 209) = 6.749, p < 0.001			$R^2=$ 0.39 F (6, 208) = 23.956, p < 0.001

In the effect row, the values outside the parentheses are those from the AL model, whereas values in parenthesis pertain to the TFL model. Bootstrap = 5.000. β = Standardized coefficient; CI = Confidence interval; CV = Control variable; CV¹ = Gender; CV² = Age; CV³ = Sector; CV⁴ = Tenure in the organization; SE = Standard error; AL = Authentic leadership; TFL = Transformational leadership.

* Unstandardized coefficient.