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. 2022 Oct 12;12:17084. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20945-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of metformin on hippocampal tissue structure in D-galactose induced-aging rat model. (a) Section of the hippocampal tissue in the control group showed unremarkable pathological changes. (b) Section of the hippocampal tissue in the D-gal group showed many neuronal degeneration (green circles), and apoptotic bodies (blue circles) with massive oedema (blue arrows) and gliosis (green arrows). (c) Section of the hippocampal tissue in the D-gal + Met group showed few neuronal degeneration (green circles) and few apoptotic bodies (blue circles) with mild oedema (blue arrows) and mild focal gliosis (green arrows). (H&E × 200 for A, B and C). (Number of rats = 10/group).