Table 2.
Crude outcomes of participants by infection status and symptomatology
| Never infected N = 62,957 | Asymptomatic infection N = 1795 | Symptomatic infection N = 31,486 | P value* Never versus asymptomatic | P value* Never versus symptomatic | Overall N = 96,238 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms in last week | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | ||
| Tiredness | 19,873 (31.57) | 147 (8.19) | 13,891 (44.12) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 33,911 (35.24) |
| Headache | 13,659 (21.70) | 97 (5.40) | 7658 (24.32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 21,414 (22.25) |
| Muscle aches/weakness | 10,118 (16.07) | 75 (4.18) | 7559 (24.01) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 17,752 (18.45) |
| Joint pain | 8821 (14.01) | 69 (3.84) | 5865 (18.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 14,755 (15.33) |
| Breathless | 5078 (8.07) | 50 (2.79) | 6327 (20.09) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 11,455 (11.90) |
| Anxious/depressed | 9056 (14.38) | 69 (3.84) | 6180 (19.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 15,305 (15.90) |
| Confused/difficulty concentrating | 3187 (5.06) | 23 (1.28) | 3927 (12.47) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 7137 (7.42) |
| Sleep problems | 10,842 (17.22) | 90 (5.01) | 7487 (23.78) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 18,419 (19.14) |
| Dry cough | 4820 (7.66) | 47 (2.62) | 3556 (11.29) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 8423 (8.75) |
| Cough with phlegm | 5945 (9.44) | 68 (3.79) | 3198 (10.16) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 9211 (9.57) |
| Change in taste | 1048 (1.66) | 11 (0.61) | 2730 (8.67) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 3789 (3.94) |
| Change in smell | 816 (1.30) | 14 (0.78) | 3278 (10.41) | 0.055 | <0.001 | 4108 (4.27) |
| Problems hearing | 2024 (3.21) | 16 (0.89) | 1614 (5.13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3654 (3.80) |
| Problems with eyesight | 2300 (3.65) | 17 (0.95) | 2048 (6.50) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 4365 (4.54) |
| Pins and needles | 4043 (6.42) | 33 (1.84) | 3265 (10.37) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 7341 (7.63) |
| Chest pain | 2125 (3.38) | 25 (1.39) | 2017 (6.41) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 4167 (4.33) |
| Palpitations | 2355 (3.74) | 19 (1.06) | 2660 (8.45) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 5034 (5.23) |
| Poor appetite | 3145 (5.00) | 18 (1.00) | 1682 (5.34) | <0.001 | 0.023 | 4845 (5.03) |
| Abdominal pain | 4161 (6.61) | 24 (1.34) | 2105 (6.69) | <0.001 | 0.657 | 6290 (6.54) |
| Sickness/vomiting | 3713 (5.90) | 16 (0.89) | 1858 (5.90) | <0.001 | 0.984 | 5587 (5.81) |
| Diarrhea | 4718 (7.49) | 24 (1.34) | 2468 (7.84) | <0.001 | 0.060 | 7210 (7.49) |
| Constipation | 2444 (3.88) | 19 (1.06) | 1416 (4.50) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3879 (4.03) |
| Weight loss | 821 (1.30) | ≤10 | 629 (2.00) | 0.003 | <0.001 | ≤10 |
| Dizzy/blackouts/fits | 2033 (3.23) | 18 (1.00) | 1503 (4.77) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3554 (3.69) |
| Balance problems | 2133 (3.39) | 11 (0.61) | 1799 (5.71) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 3943 (4.10) |
| Skin rash | 1726 (2.74) | 19 (1.06) | 1202 (3.82) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 2947 (3.06) |
| No symptoms now | 29,316 (46.57) | 1428 (79.55) | 9961 (31.64) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 40,705 (42.30) |
| Difficulties with activities of daily living | ||||||
| Walking; getting around | 8359 (13.28) | 98 (5.46) | 5787 (18.38) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 14,244 (14.80) |
| Housework; DIY; chores | 8185 (13.00) | 72 (4.01) | 6178 (19.62) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 14,435 (15.00) |
| Working; studying | 7026 (11.16) | 57 (3.18) | 6181 (19.63) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 13,264 (13.78) |
| Washing; dressing | 3917 (6.22) | 35 (1.95) | 1829 (5.81) | <0.001 | 0.012 | 5781 (6.01) |
| Exercise; sport | 8859 (14.07) | 85 (4.74) | 7939 (25.21) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 16,883 (17.54) |
| Hobbies | 4182 (6.64) | 38 (2.12) | 3,142 (9.98) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 7362 (7.65) |
| Relationships | 4735 (7.52) | 51 (2.84) | 3,191 (10.13) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 7977 (8.29) |
| EQ-5D | N = 59,026 | N = 1,289 | N = 30,723 | N = 91,038 | ||
| Median (IQR) | 80 (63–90) | 90 (75–100) | 75 (60–89) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 78 (61–90) |
| Admitted to hospital | 6409 (10.18) | 141 (7.86) | 3058 (9.71) | 0.001 | 0.024 | 9608 (9.98) |
| Admitted to ICU | 93 (0.15) | ≤10 | 53 (0.17) | 0.417 | 0.447 | ≤10 |
| Died | 72 (0.11) | ≤10 | 21 (0.07) | 0.517 | 0.028 | ≤10 |
N number, DIY do-it-yourself, IQR inter-quartile range, ICU intensive care unit.
*Mann–Whitney U test for EQ-5D, χ2 test for other variables. All tests are two-sided.