Fig. 1.

Plots of principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) comparing the overall rumen microbiota among the 3 species. (A and B) Bacteria and fungi were based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity determined by metataxonomics (n = 9 per species). (C) Rumen microorganism was based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarity determined by metagenomics (n = 6 per species). The ellipses represent the 95% of the samples belonging to each group. Statistical significance of difference was tested using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) with 999 permutations.