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. 2022 Sep 29;10:971096. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.971096

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Top level workflow of the automatic 2D—3D reconstruction pipeline (top row–femur, bottom row–tibia): (A) CNN segmentation of input X-rays, (B) extracted bone contours, (C) contours aligned in 3D space, (D) PDMs used to transform contours into sparse point clouds which are then fitted to base shapes of SSMs, (E) 3D model predictions.