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Funnel plots to visualize overall heterogeneity of MR estimates for the effect of BMI, trunk fat mass, and WC on DKD. (A) Causal effect of BMI on DKD. (B) Causal effect of trunk fat mass on DKD. (C) Causal effect of WC on DKD. IVW, inverse-variance weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization.
