Table 2.
Basic characteristics of included studies.
| First author Yea of Publication | Aim | Country Low/high income | Design | Targeted Population/ Problems | Enrolled (Gender) | Completed (Gender) | Reason for participant drop-out |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdolahi et al., 2016 16 | To evaluate the feasibility and potential validity of assessing the Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool remotely in patients with Parkinson and Huntington diseases using web-based video conferencing | USA High income |
Feasibility | Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and Huntington disease (HD) |
17 (Gender not mentioned) | All participants Completed the Program |
N/A |
| Bernocchi et al., 2015 17 | To evaluate the feasibility of Implementing a home-based tele-Surveillance | Italy High income |
Feasibility | Post- stroke Patients |
26 (Gender not mentioned) | 23 (Gender not Mentioned) |
dropped out due to: Hospitalisation, for respiratory problems (n = 1); Femoral fracture (n = 1); subarachnoid haemorrhage following a fall (n = 1). |
| Dimitropoulos et al., 2017 18 | To evaluate the feasibility of play-based TR program with children with Prader Willi syndrome | USA High income |
Feasibility | Children with Prader Willi Syndrome |
10 (7 males &3 females) | 8(Gender no mentioned |
2 withdrawn during the program due to inability to dedicate time to the intervention program |
| Dobbs et al., 2018 19 | To determine the generalizability of RS-tDCS paired with cognitive training (CT) by testing its feasibility in participants with Parkinson's disease (PD). | USA High income |
Feasibility | Patients with Parkinson disease |
16 (12 males &4 females) | 15 (Gender not Mentioned) |
One participant was discontinued from treatment after two study sessions due to a medical issue (cardiac event) |
| Hwang et al., 2017 20 | To describe the perspectives of a group-based heart failure (HF) TR program delivered to homes via online videoconferencing | Australia High income |
Feasibility | Patients with heart failure |
17(88% males) | All participants Completed the program |
N/A |
| Jahromi et al., 2017 21 | To assess the satisfaction of patients with stutter concerning the therapeutic method and the infrastructure used to receive tele-speech therapy services | Iran LMIC |
Feasibility | Patients with Stutter |
30 (17 males & 13 females) | All participants completed the program |
N/A |
| Kikuchi et al, 2021 22 | To evaluate the feasibility of real time monitoring system for home-based cardiac rehabilitation among elderly with heart failure. | Japan High income |
Feasibility | Cardiac Patients |
10 (6 males & 4 females) | All participants Completed |
N/A |
| Negrini et al. 2020 23 | To investigate the feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine as substitute for outpatients services in emergency situation such as COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy | Italy High income |
Feasibility | Patients with spinal disorders | 1207 (Gender not mentioned) |
All participants completed | N/A |
| Odetunde et al., 2020 24 | To determine feasibility of video-based home exercise program (VHEP) in Yoruba language | Nigeria LMIC |
Feasibility | Chronic stroke survivor patients |
10(5 males & 5 females) | All participants completed | N/A |
| Ora et al., 2020 25 | To investigate the feasibility augmented TR in post- stroke |
Norway High income |
Feasibility | Post-stroke Aphasia |
30 (19 males &11 females) | All participants completed |
N/A |
| Peel et al., 2011 26 | To determine the feasibility of delivering rehabilitation remotely to aged clients using eHABTM video-conferencing system | Australia High income |
Feasibility | Older people with disabilities |
3 (Gender not mentioned) | 2 (Gender not mentioned) | 1 person did not complete the trial because of their
condition worsened |
| Piraux et al., 2020 27 | To determine the feasibility of Pre-surgery TR program |
Belgium High income |
Feasibility | Esophagogastric Cancer patients |
23 (Gender not mentioned) | 15 (Gender not mentioned) |
Withdrawal (n = 4); excluded due to disease progression (n = 2) Died during the program (n = 2) |
| Puspitasari et al., 2021 28 | To determine feasibility of program that switched from an in-person group to a video teletherapy group during COVID- 19 pandemic | USA High income |
Feasibility | Psychiatric patients | 76 (65 males &11 females) | 70 (Gender not mentioned) |
Excluded due to refusing to provide research authorization (n = 13) |
| Silva et al., 2020 29 | To determine feasibility of web-based education and exercise therapy | Australia High income |
Feasibility | Patellofemoral pain patients | 35 (27 females & 5 males) | All completed | N/A |
| Van Egmond et al., 2020 30 | To determine feasibility of supervised postoperative physiotherapy TR | Netherlands High income |
Feasibility | Oesophageal cancer patients | 22(17 males & 5 females) | 15 (Gender not mentioned) | Quit because: Preferred face to face physiotherapy(n = 3);
developed metastases (n = 1); required
multidisciplinary approach (n = 3) |
| Woolf et al., 2016 31 | To test the feasibility of a TR comparing to the remote and face to face therapy |
UK High income |
Feasibility | Post-stroke Aphasia |
21(Gender not mentioned) 56(Gender not mentioned) |
All participants completed |
N/A |
| Fatoye et al., 2020 4 | To evaluate cost effectiveness of TR compared to
clinic-based intervention |
Nigeria LMIC |
RCT | Chronic back pain patients |
56: TR-based Mackenzie therapy (n = 24) Clinic based Mackenzie therapy (n = 32) |
47: TR-based Mackenzie therapy(n = 21) Clinic-based Mackenzie therapy (n = 26) |
Discontinued (n = 3); Voluntary withdrawal (n = 6) |
| Frederix et al., 2016 3 | To evaluate cost-effectiveness of comprehensive TR program | Belgium High income |
RCT | Cardiac patients | 140 (Gender not specified) TR (n = 70) Usual care (70) |
126 TR (n = 62) Usual care (n = 64) | CT problems (n = 2); logistics problems (n = 7); new pathology (n = 3); Lost interest (n = 2) |
| Hwang et al., 2017 32 | To determine the efficacy and safety of short
term Telerehabilitation program |
Australia High income |
RCT | Heart failure Patients |
53 (75% males) Telerehab (n = 24) Standard rehab (n = 29) |
49 (Gender not mentioned Telerehab (n = 23) Standard rehab (n = 26) |
Lost at 12 weeks follow-up: Tele-group: none Control group: (n = 3) |
| Pastora-Bernal et al, 2017 33 | To compare costs of TR Vs conventional physiotherapy |
Spain High income |
RCT | Subacromial Problem |
18 (10 males and 8 females) | All patients completed the |
N/A |
| Tousignant et al., 2015 2 | To compare the real cost of in-home TR and
conventional home visits (VISIT) |
Canada High income |
RCT | Total knee Arthroplasty patients |
205(Gender not mentioned) TR group (n = 104) VISIT group (n = 101) |
195 TR group (n = 94) VISIT group (n = 101) |
Unsatisfied with with randomization ( = 6); poor internet connection (n = 3) Self-perception of recovery (n = 1) |
| Aloyini et al., 2020 34 | To explore knowledge, attitude and barriers to
the Implementation of TR in physical therapy |
Saudi Arabia High Income |
Survey | Physiotherapists in public and Private hospitals |
347 (106 males and 70 Females) |
347(106 males and 70 Females) | N/A |
| Buckingham et al., 2020 35 | To assess training needs and collate ideas on best practices in TR for physical disabilities and movement impairment. | UK High income |
Survey | Health professionals | 245 (202 female &35 male) | All completed the survey | N/A |
| Damhus et al., 2018 36 | To examine barriers and enablers of online based TR | Denmark High income |
Survey | Health professionals | 25(Gender not
mentioned) Physiotherapists(n = 19) Nurses (n = 6) |
All 25 participants Completed the Program |
N/A |
| Hermes et al., 2021 37 | To discern barriers to TR in primary rural states | USA High income |
Survey | Health professionals | 46(gender not
mentioned) Speech-language therapists (n = 32) Occupational therapists (n = 12) |
46 Speech-language therapists (n = 32) Occupational therapists (n = 12) |
N/A |
| Tyagi et al., 2018 38 | To explore perceive barriers and facilitators of TR |
Singapore High income |
Survey | Stroke patients Care givers & Therapists |
31(Gender not mentioned) Patients (n = 13) Caregivers (n = 13) Therapists (n = 5) |
31 Patients (n = 13) Caregivers (n = 13) Therapists (n = 5) |
N/A |
| Leochico et al, 2020 39 | To conduct a wheelchair follow-up via TH |
Philippine LMIC |
Case report | Patients with Paraplegia |
2(1 male and 1 Female) | 2 (1 male and 1 Female) |
N/A |
| Luxamana et al., 2018 40 | To determine feasibility of TR | Philippine LMIC |
Case report | Parkinson's Disease patient |
1 female patient | 1 female patient | N/A |
| Adler et al., 2014 41 | To identify barriers and facilitators of TR implementation |
USA High income |
Pilot study | Health professionals | 12: Psychologists (n = 7) Social workers (n = 3) Vocational therapists (n = 2) |
All 12 participants completed | N/A |