Table 4.
Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from the environment by microalgae.
| Wastewater (WW) category | Pollutants | Microalgae | Removal efficiency (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lake Mead water | Ibuprofen | Nannochloris sp. | 40 | [153] |
| Lake Mead water | Trimethoprim | Nannochloris sp. | 10 | [153] |
| Lake Mead water | Ciprofloxaci | Nannochloris sp. | 100 | [153] |
| Lake Mead water | Carbamazepine | Nannochloris sp. | 20 | [153] |
| Lake Mead water | Triclosan | Nannochloris sp. | 100 | [153] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Diclofenac | Chlorella sorokiniana | 40–60 | [154] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Ibuprofen | Chlorella sorokiniana | 100 | [154] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Paracetamol | Chlorella sorokiniana | 100 | [154] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Metoprolol | Chlorella sorokiniana | 100 | [154] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Carbamazepine | Chlorella sorokiniana | 30 | [154] |
| Urine, anaerobically treated black water, and synthetic urine | Trimethoprim | Chlorella sorokiniana | 40 | [154] |
| Urban or synthetic WW | Carbamazepine | Microalgae consortia in high-rate algal ponds dominated by Chlorella sp. and Scenedesmus sp. | 20 | [155] |
| WW digestate and growth medium | Estradiol | Selenastrum capricornutum | 88–100 | [156] |
| Urban WW | Acetaminophen | Microalgae consortia in high-rate algal ponds | 99 | [80] |
| Urban WW | Ibuprofen | Microalgae consortia in high-rate algal ponds | 99 | [80] |
| Urban WW | Carbamazepine | Microalgae consortia in high-rate algal ponds | 62 | [80] |