Table 2. Studies Reporting Peak Oxygen Consumption (V̇o2) Among Individuals With and Without Prevalent Symptoms Consistent With Long COVID-19 (LC) After SARS-CoV-2 Infectiona.
| Source | Definition of LC symptoms | Age, y | Sex, No. (%) | BMI | Hospitalized, No. (%) | Time after infection, d | Participants with LC symptoms | Participants with no LC symptoms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | No. | Peak V̇o2, mL/kg/min | Peak V̇o2, % predicted | No. | Peak V̇o2, mL/kg/min | Peak V̇o2, % predicted | ||||||
| Aparisi et al,47 2021 | Persistent dyspnea vs no dyspnea | 55 (12) | 45 (64) | 25 (36) | 27 (5) | 70 (100) | 181 (42) | 41 | 17.8 (15.8-21.2) | 77.8 (64.0-92.5) | 29 | 22.8 (18.8-27.7) | 99 (88-105) |
| Barbagelata et al,38 2022 | Dyspnea or fatigue persisting >45 d after onset | 49 (14) | 98 (49) | 102 (51) | 26 (6) | 39 (20) | 80 (21) | 112 | 25.8 (8.1) | 89.7 (19.9) | 88 | 28.8 (9.6) | 92.9 (18.7) |
| Brown et al,44 2022 | Self-reported reduced exercise capacity | 52 | 22 (55) | 18 (45) | 28 | 40 (100) | 106 | 20 | 14.9 (13.1-16.2) | NR | 20 | 19.1 (15.4-23.7) | NR |
| Durstenfeld et al,26 2022 | Chest pain, dyspnea, palpitations, or fatigue | 52 (42-61) | 18 (39) | 28 (61) | 30 | 7 (18) | 526 (464-553) | 23 | 21.2 (8.2) | 89 (23) | 16 | 28.8 (7.7) | 111 (20) |
| Ladlow et al,31 2022 | ≥1 Symptom | 39 | 13 (15) | 74 (85) | 29 | 35 (31) | 159 (7) | 61 | 32.4 (6.7) | NR | 26 | 40.7 (8.9) | NR |
| Margalit et al,37 2022 | Fatigue | 47 (13) | 83 (59) | 58 (41) | 28 (5) | 14 (14) | 240 (75) | 66 | 27.7 (7.5) | 96.1 (18.3) | 75 | 30.7 (7.5) | 99.6 (17.4) |
| Schaeffer et al,58 2022 | Fatigue vs no fatigue | 48 | 23 (47) | 26 (53) | 29 | 25 (40) | 125 (16) | 34 | 19.9 (7.1) | 74 (20) | 15 | 24.4 (6.7) | 81 (17) |
| Skjørten et al,33 2021 | Dyspnea, mMRC, 1-4 vs 0 | 56 | 60 (38) | 96 (62) | 28 (5) | 156 (100) | 104 (90-139) | 59 | 23.6 (7.9) | NR | 67 | 31.9 (9.3) | NR |
| Szekely et al,29 2021 | Persistent fatigue, dyspnea, muscle weakness, or pain | 53 (16) | 24 (34) | 47 (66) | 28 (6) | NRb | 91 (26) | 48 | 18.8 (6.3) and 1.5 (0.5) L/min |
NR | 23 | 21.3 (6.3) and 1.7 (0.5) L/min | NR |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); mMRC, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale; NR, not reported.
a
Unless indicated otherwise, data are presented as mean (SD) or median (IQR). Cells with single values report the mean; SDs were only reported by subgroup.
b
All patients were evaluated in the emergency department, but the number or percentage admitted was not reported.