Figure 4.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan-containing and chitosan-coated liposomes expressed as reduction of nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells. Three different concentrations were tested, namely 1, 10, and 50 μg/ml lipid, and the results are presented as NO production of treated cells compared to control (100%). Control cells were non-treated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cells; their production is thereof considered as 100%. The results are expressed as means with their respective SD (n = 3). PL, Plain, empty lipid carrier; PL-CHX, Plain CHX-lipid carrier; CH, Chitosan-containing empty liposomes; CH-CHX, Chitosan-containing CHX-liposomes; CO, Chitosan-coated empty liposomes; CO-CHX, Chitosan-coated CHX-liposomes. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ****p ≤ 0.0001, compared to control.