TABLE 2—
Models of Predictors of Unionization (Model 1) and Weekly Earnings (Model 2): United States, IPUMS CPS, 2010–2020
| Unionization (Model 1), OR (95% CI) | Logged Inflation-Adjusted Weekly Earnings (Model 2), b (95% CI) | |
| Unionized | . . . | 0.076 (0.050, 0.102) |
| Demographic variables | ||
| Female (Ref = male) | 0.797 (0.674, 0.943) | −0.130 (−0.154, −0.106) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| Black | 1.938 (1.636, 2.296) | −0.097 (−0.119, −0.076) |
| Hispanic | 1.280 (1.066, 1.537) | −0.043 (−0.066, −0.020) |
| Asian or another race | 1.322 (1.048, 1.668) | 0.002 (−0.031, 0.035) |
| Born in the United States | 1.054 (0.896, 1.240) | 0.051 (0.030, 0.073) |
| Age | 1.102 (1.052, 1.155) | 0.016 (0.010, 0.022) |
| Age squared | 0.999 (0.999, 1.000) | −0.000 (−0.000, −0.000) |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| Some college | 1.103 (0.943, 1.291) | 0.108 (0.090, 0.127) |
| Associate degree | 1.097 (0.924, 1.304) | 0.137 (0.117, 0.156) |
| 4-year college degree or higher | 1.131 (0.936, 1.366) | 0.308 (0.281, 0.336) |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | 0 (Ref) | 0 (Ref) |
| Midwest | 0.464 (0.385, 0.558) | −0.059 (−0.083, −0.035) |
| South | 0.124 (0.099, 0.154) | −0.060 (−0.082, −0.037) |
| West | 0.873 (0.748, 1.019) | −0.010 (−0.034, 0.014) |
| Other statistics | ||
| Constant | 0.014 (0.005, 0.040) | 6.087 (5.959, 6.215) |
| Survey observations, no. | 67 100 | 66 706 |
| R 2 | . . . | 0.094 |
Note. IPUMS CPS = Integrated Public Use Microdata Series Current Population Survey. “Unionized” indicates both workers who belong to a union and those who are covered by a union contract. Dummy variables for year were included in the model but are not shown in Table 2. The odds of being a union member were significantly higher in 2013 compared with 2010 (OR = 1.432; P < .001). Wages were significantly lower in 2012 and 2014 (b = −0.035 and −0.046, respectively; P < .05) compared with 2010, and significantly higher in 2020 (b = 0.055; P < .001) compared with 2010.