Table 2.

Effect of high concentrate diets on ruminal fermentation parameters in yaks.

Parameters	Treatment groups		SEM	p-Value
	LC	HC
pH	6.42	6.13	0.06	0.074
MCP	2.21	2.85	0.43	0.273
NH3-N, mg/dL	16.76b	21.39a	0.86	0.014
TVFA, mM	60.93b	74.96a	1.95	<0.001
VFAs, molar % of TVFA
Acetate	63.53a	61.18b	0.59	0.048
Propionate	22.69	22.78	1.09	0.928
Butyrate	10.68b	12.73a	0.40	<0.001
Isobutyrate	0.78b	0.91a	0.05	0.128
Valerate	1.52	1.23	0.11	0.077
Isovalerate	0.81b	1.17a	0.04	<0.001
Acetate: Propionate	2.88	2.72	0.09	0.366

MCP, microbial protein; NH₃-N, ammonia nitrogen; TVFA, total volatile fatty acids; SEM, standard error of the mean. LC, low-concentrate group; HC, high-concentrate group.

^a,bThe values in same row with differenct superscript letter differ significantly (p < 0.05).