Table 3. Comparisons Among Different Combined CRISPR Systems.

type of biosensor	element	advantage	disadvantage	detection range	detection limit	ref
E-CRIPSR (based electrochemical biosensor)	viral nucleic acids	sample and convenient	low sensitivity and high false positive	1 nM to 50 nM	0.2 nM	(30)
CRISPR/Cas12a electrochemical detection	DNA	rapid test	low sensitivity	50 pM to 100 nM	30 pM	(31)
CRISPR/Cas13a-triggered RCA-DNAzyme	miR-10b	high sensitivity	complex operation	100 aM to 100 pM	1 fM	(32)
CRISPR–Cas13-fluorescent detection	Nucleic Acid	rapid test high sensitivity	complex operation	aM	2 aM	(33)
CRISPR/Cas13a powered portable electrochemiluminescence chip	miR-17	strong innovative	complicated operation	100 × 10–12 M to 1 × 10–15 M	1 × 10–15 M	(34)