Table 1.
General | PSS-10 score > 13 |
Age between 18 and 35 years | |
Body mass index between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2 | |
Self-identifying as male or female | |
Fluency in speaking German | |
No shift work | |
Mental and somatic disorders | No acute depressive episode and no depressive disorder with less than 5 years of remission |
No alcohol abuse in the past 6 months | |
No substance abuse or substance-related addictions | |
No eating disorders in the past 5 years | |
No lifetime bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, borderline personality disorder | |
No other current mental disorders | |
No chronic somatic disorders | |
No intake of psychotropic drugs | |
Music-related aspects | No perfect pitch |
No music-related studies (i.e., university-level education) or profession | |
No impairment of hearing capability | |
Lifestyle aspects | Smoking ≤7 cigarettes per week |
No drug consumption (except for alcohol/cannabis) during the past year | |
No cannabis consumption in the past 2 weeks | |
No regular practice of relaxation techniques (yoga, meditation, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training) | |
Menstrual cycle/Pregnancy | No pregnancy/current breastfeeding |
Regular menstrual cycle | |
No hormonal contraception | |
No premenstrual syndrome |
Information on inclusion criteria was based on participant self-report unless otherwise indicated. Cut-off scores for the PSS-10 (German 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale, Klein et al., 2016) refer to sex- and age-specific mean norm values of a representative German sample.