Table 5.

Comparisons Between Mean (SD) COPS-P Items for Current Sample, PDD Sample, and Non-clinical Control Norms

Item	Current sample (n = 35)	Min	Max	PDDa (n = 21)	Controla (n = 23)	Current vs PDDb	Current vs controlb
1. To what extent do you feel the size or appearance of your penis is defective or unattractive?c	3.83 (2.36)	0	8	5.78 (2.31)	0.43 (0.75)	t = 0.94, P = 0.349, d = −0.18	t = −9.30, P < 0.001, d = 2.16
2. To what extent does the size or appearance of your penis currently cause you distress?	3.86 (2.67)	0	8	6.28 (1.81)	0.71 (1.77)	t = −2.15, P = 0.036, d = −0.45	t = −6.56, P < 0.001, d = 1.32
3. How often does the size or appearance of your penis currently lead you to avoid situations or activities?c	3.60 (2.71)	0	8	5.72 (1.93)	0.57 (1.78)	t = −0.47, P = 0.638, d = −0.10	t = −7.53, P < 0.001, d = 1.52
4. To what extent does thinking about the size or appearance of your penis currently preoccupy you? That is, you think about it a lot and it is hard to stop thinking about it.	3.26 (2.39)	0	8	5.83 (1.69)	0.24 (0.54)	t = −2.64, P = 0.011, d = − 0.54	t = −7.91, P < 0.001, d = 1.94
5. If you have a regular partner, to what extent do your concerns about the size or appearance of your penis currently have an effect on an existing sexual relationship?	3.31 (2.70)	0	8	5.50 (2.55)	0.14 (0.48)	t = −1.63, P = 0.109, d = −0.32	t = −7.31, P < 0.001, d = 1.85
6. How much do your concerns about the size or appearance of your penis currently interfere with your ability to work or study?	2.97 (2.74)	0	8	3.44 (2.48)	0 (0)	t = 0.73, P = 0.471, d = 0.14	t = -6.93, P < 0.001, d = 2.05

COPS-P, Cosmetic Procedure Screening Scale for PDD; PDD; penile dysmorphic disorder; SD, standard deviation.

^aPDD and control norms derived from Veale et al.³²

^bBenjamini–Hochberg P value correction applied—statistically significant at P < 0.025.

^cItems 1 and 3 have been reverse scored such that higher scores represent higher symptoms of PDD.