Table 1:
Obesogenic Behaviors, CDI score, Cardio-metabolic risk factor, metabolic syndrome for AI children ages 7–13 years by total sample and sex (n=121)
| Total Sample | Females (n=73) | Males (n=48) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | At-Risk % | Mean ± SD | At-risk % | Mean ± SD | At-risk % | p-value | |
| Obesogenic Behaviors (daily) | |||||||
| All Sugar-sweetened beverages (kcal intake) | 381.9 ± 248.1 | 100 | 323.7 ± 207.7 | 100 | 470.7 ± 279.0 | 100 | 0.002 |
| All Fruit and Vegetable intake frequency (servings) | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 100 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 100 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 100 | 0.338 |
| All Meal frequency intake | 2.4 ± 0.73 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.3± 0.8 | 0.486 | |||
| Moderate +vigorous physical activity (hours) | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 74.4 | 0.7 ± 05 | 74 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | 75 | 0.503 |
| Total screen time per average weekday (hours) | 7.2 ± 5.7 | 83.5 | 6.5 ± 4.7 | 79.5 | 8.5 ± 6.9 | 89.6 | 0.079 |
| Total screen time per average weekend day (hours) | 7.3 ± 6.1 | 84.3 | 6.8 ± 5.4 | 82.2 | 8.1 ± 7.0 | 87.5 | 0.295 |
| CDI score | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 11.6 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 11 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | 12.5 | 0.812 |
| Body mass index percentile | 80.7 ± 24.2 | 64 | 80.5 ± 25.7 | 66 | 80.9 ± 22.0 | 60 | 0.929 |
| Waist circumference percentile | 67.5 ± 26.3 | 60 | 66.9 ± 26.9 | 60 | 68.4 ± 25.6 | 60 | 0.744 |
| Body fat percentage | 26.8 ± 10.9 | - | 28.7 ±10.6 | - | 23.9 ± 11.0 | - | 0.019 |
| Blood pressure percentile | 55.6 ± 14.6 | 13 | 54.0 ± 12.5 | 10 | 58.2 ± 17.3 | 19 | 0.156 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 144.3 ± 27.9 | 13 | 140.4 ± 25.8 | 8 | 150.2 ± 30.2 | 21 | 0.067 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48.8 ±14.5 | 57 | 46.3 ± 13.3 | 66 | 52.6 ± 15.4 | 44 | 0.023 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 86.8 ± 27.1 | 8 | 84.5 ± 26.1 | 8 | 93.6 ± 29.8 | 8 | 0.303 |
| Triglycerides(mg/dl) | 88.7 ± 44.5 | 17 | 90.4 ± 47.8 | 23 | 83.4 ± 33.5 | 8 | 0.536 |
| Post-prandial glucose(mg/dl) | 95.3 ± 24.9 | 1 | 94.9 ± 31.3 | 1 | 95.8 ± 9.0 | 0 | 0.806 |
| Fasting blood glucose(mg/dl) | 87.0 ± 15.5 | 7 | 86.3 ± 17.2 | 4 | 88.0± 12.4 | 10 | 0.539 |
| HgbA1c~ (%) | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5 | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 7 | 0.759 |
| Acanthosis nigricans(+ or −) | n/a | 30 | n/a | 37 | n/a | 19 | 0.032 |
| Cardio-metabolic risk factor score (range 0–7)* | 1.3 ± 1.3 (0–5) | n/a | 2.2 ± 1.5 (0–4) | n/a | 2.0 ± 1.8 (0–5) | n/a | 0.229 |
| Metabolic syndrome risk score (range 0–5)** | 1.6 ± 1.1 (0–5) | 21 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 23 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | 19 | 0.310 |
Does not include incomplete values, to include low or abnormal hemoglobin results (n=112)
Cardio Metabolic Risk is a continuous sum of risk scores for: blood pressure percentile, waist circumference percentile, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, acanthosis nigricans
Metabolic syndrome is categorically defined by having at least three at-risk scores from the following: blood pressure percentile, waist circumference percentile, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose. Pearson’s Chi-square used for categorical analysis such as acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome.
Independent means t-tests used for continuous variables to include: BMI, Waist Circumference, Blood pressure, body fat, lipid and glucose variables.
Body mass index percentile was calculated using height, weight, gender and age in months
Blood pressure percentile was determine via the average of three separate blood pressures and plotted by gender, age and height percentile
Body fat percent was calculated by the Tanita 300 scale
Waist circumference percentile was measured in centimeters at midline and calculated using gender and age
Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, HgbA1c was obtained (via fingerstick) after a fast (>8 hours)
Post-prandial glucose was obtained 2 hours after a high carbohydrate, low fat, low fiber meal
Acanthosis nigricans was assessed by a trained medical professional (physician, nurse practitioner, physician assistant) and recorded as negative or positive
Depressive Symptoms—Child Depression Inventory (CDI) score is an average of a 27-item continuous score