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. 2022 Sep 28;7(40):35387–35445. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03171

Table 2. Methods of Preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO).

S. no. Method Oxidant Reaction time Temp. (°C) Refs
1 Brodie 1859 KClO3, HNO3 3–4 days 60 (47)
2 Staudenmaier 1898 KClO3, HNO3, H2SO4 96 h rt (48)
3 Hummers 1958 KMnO4, H2SO4, NaNO3 <2 h 20–35–98 (49)
4 Su 2009 KMnO4, H2SO4 <2 h rt (51)
5 Shen 2009 Benzoylperoxide 4 h 110 (52)
6 Sun 2013 KMnO4, H2SO4, 10 min RT (53)
7 Eigler 2013 KMnO4, H2SO4, NaNO3 1.5 h 10 (54)
8 Panwar 2015 KMnO4, H2SO4, H3PO3, HNO3 16 h 50 (55)
9 Chen 2015 KMnO4, H2SO4, 3 h 20–40–95 (56)
10 Dimiev 2016 (NH4)2S2O8, H2SO4 <1 h rt (57)