TABLE 1.
Comparison of characteristics and in-hospital treatment between patients with and without early ACEI/ARB use.
| ACEI/ARB use (n = 1,093) |
No ACEI/ARB use (n = 3,385) |
P-value | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 61.12 (11.33) | 62.12 (11.91) | 0.012 |
| Female, n (%) | 204 (18.66) | 637 (18.82) | 0.910 |
| Vital signs | |||
| SBP levels, mean (SD), mmHg | 92.5 (6.10) | 91.77 (6.65) | 0.001 |
| DBP levels, mean (SD), mmHg | 60.14 (7.12) | 59.21 (7.57) | <0.001 |
| MAP levels, mean (SD), mmHg | 70.93 (5.96) | 70.06 (6.45) | <0.001 |
| Heart rates, mean (SD), bpm | 74.85 (16.06) | 74.15 (18.47) | 0.225 |
| Risk factors | |||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 464 (42.45) | 1,089 (32.17) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 455 (41.63) | 1,398 (41.3) | 0.848 |
| Elevated LDL-C, n (%) | 922 (84.35) | 2,842 (83.96) | 0.758 |
| Low HDL-C, n (%) | 551 (50.41) | 1,488 (43.96) | <0.001 |
| Elevated TG, n (%) | 203 (18.57) | 556 (16.43) | 0.100 |
| eGFR, n (%) | 0.389 | ||
| < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 23 (2.1) | 88 (2.6) | |
| 30–59 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 144 (13.17) | 501 (14.8) | |
| 60–89 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 399 (36.51) | 1,230 (36.34) | |
| ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 527 (48.22) | 1,566 (46.26) | |
| History of diseases | |||
| CHD, n (%) | 61 (5.58) | 187 (5.52) | 0.943 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 8 (0.53) | 18 (0.73) | 0.449 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 10 (0.91) | 49 (1.45) | 0.179 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 52 (4.76) | 209 (6.17) | 0.082 |
| Renal failure, n (%) | 9 (0.82) | 31 (0.92) | 0.080 |
| Critical cardiac symptoms at admission | |||
| Heart failure, n (%) | 52 (4.76) | 145 (4.28) | 0.507 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 15 (1.37) | 53 (1.57) | 0.207 |
| Prehospital treatment | |||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 200 (18.3) | 544 (16.07) | 0.085 |
| P2Y12 inhibitors, n (%) | 171 (15.65) | 422 (12.47) | 0.007 |
| Statins, n (%) | 131 (11.99) | 400 (11.82) | 0.881 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 72 (6.59) | 123 (3.63) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 126 (11.53) | 83 (2.45) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital treatment | |||
| DAPT, n (%) | 1,063 (97.26) | 3,247 (95.92) | 0.044 |
| Statins, n (%) | 1,068 (97.71) | 3,180 (93.94) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 740 (67.7) | 1,065 (31.46) | <0.001 |
| Type of AMI, n (%) | 0.356 | ||
| STEMI | 914 (83.62) | 2,870 (84.79) | |
| NSTEMI | 179 (16.38) | 515 (15.21) |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; STEMI, T-elevation myocardial infarction.