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. 2022 Oct 11;15(1):2129131. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2129131

Table 2.

Univariate logistic regression of the factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among the adult population in Indonesia.

Variables Prevalence
(N=32,034)
Unaware
(N=7,623)
Untreated
(N=2,492)
Uncontrolled
(N=676)
OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI) OR (95%CI)
Age (years)
15-34 ref. ref. ref. ref.
35-54 4.29 (3.97–4.63) 0.37 (0.31–0.44) 0.64 (0.42–0.99) 2.33 (1.09–4.99)
55-74 12.1 (11.0–13.3) 0.26 (0.22–0.31) 0.43 (0.28–0.66) 4.66 (2.17–10.0)
>75 28.8 (23.9–34.9) 0.31 (0.24–0.40) 0.53 (0.32–0.88) 8.58 (2.67–27.6)
Gender
Female ref. ref. ref. ref.
Male 0.88 (0.82–0.93) 2.16 (1.95–2.41) 1.20 (0.98–1.47) 0.80 (0.51–1.24)
Marital status
Married ref. ref. ref. ref.
Unmarried 0.31 (0.28–0.34) 4.02 (2.99–5.40) 1.83 (0.88–3.81) 0.56 (0.14–2.23)
Widow/Divorced 2.94 (2.70–3.21) 0.75 (0.66–0.84) 0.90 (0.73–1.12) 2.83 (1.60–5.00)
Residence
Urban ref. ref. ref. ref.
Rural 0.91 (0.86–0.97) 1.20 (1.08–1.33) 1.46 (1.19–1.77) 1.76 (1.08–2.87)
Education level
No formal education 3.79 (3.28–4.38) 0.98 (0.78–1.22) 1.60 (1.08–2.37) 7.71 (2.73–21.7)
Primary education 2.07 (1.87–2.29) 0.96 (0.80–1.15) 1.61 (1.17–2.21) 2.00 (1.08–3.71)
Secondary education 0.88 (0.80–0.97) 1.21 (0.99–1.45) 1.32 (0.96–1.83) 1.10 (0.58–2.07)
Higher education ref. ref. ref. ref.
Employment
Employed ref. ref. ref. ref.
Unemployed 1.18 (1.11–1.26) 0.53 (0.47–0.59) 0.62 (0.51–0.76) 1.09 (0.70–1.69)
Insurance ownership
Yes ref. ref. ref. ref.
No 0.96 (0.91–1.02) 1.35 (1.22–1.50) 1.25 (1.04–1.51) 1.33 (0.85–2.10)
Wealth index
1st Quintiles (poorest) 1.40 (1.27–4.53) 1.56 (1.32–1.85) 2.27 (1.64–3.13) 2.42 (1.09–5.37)
2nd Quintiles 1.10 (1.00–1.21) 1.23 (1.05–1.46) 1.34 (1.01–1.78) 1.44 (0.76–2.74)
3rd Quintiles 1.18 (1.08–1.29) 1.21 (1.03–1.42) 1.29 (0.98–1.70) 0.98 (0.55–1.76)
4th Quintiles 1.04 (0.95–1.13) 1.30 (1.09–1.54) 1.08 (0.82–1.43) 1.15 (0.61–2.17)
5th Quintiles (richest) ref. ref. ref. ref.
BMI (kg/m2)
Underweight (BMI<18.5) 0.80 (0.71–0.89) 0.98 (0.79–1.23) 1.10 (0.72–1.69) 1.94 (0.68–5.54)
Normoweight (BMI 18.5–22.9) ref. ref. ref. ref.
Overweight (BMI 23–24.9) 1.56 (1.42–1.70) 0.78 (0.67–0.92) 0.95 (0.69–1.29) 1.08 (0.57–2.04)
Obese (BMI >25) 2.38 (2.23–2.56) 0.65 (0.58–0.74) 0.85 (0.67–1.08) 1.82 (1.10–3.01)
Smoking status
Non-smokers ref. ref. ref. ref.
Former smokers 1.94 (1.72–2.19) 0.81 (0.67–0.98) 0.75 (0.56–1.01) 0.70 (0.39–1.23)
Current smokers 0.87 (0.81–0.93) 2.42 (2.12–2.75) 1.94 (1.47–2.57) 1.22 (0.61–2.42)