Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 1,085 HIV-seronegative WIHS cohort participants
| Variable | Category | N (%) or median (IQR) |
|---|---|---|
| Years of follow-up | 14.0 (5.0–18.0) | |
| Recruitment wave | First (1994) | 445 (41.0%) |
| Second (2001–02) | 354 (32.6%) | |
| Third (2011–12) | 81 (7.5%) | |
| 5th (2013–15) | 205 (18.9%) | |
| Site | Atlanta, GA* | 76 (7.2%) |
| Birmingham, AL* | 24 (2.2%) | |
| Bronx, NY | 195 (17.9%) | |
| Brooklyn, NY | 149 (13.7%) | |
| Chapel Hill, NC* | 44 (4.1%) | |
| Chicago, IL | 111 (10.2%) | |
| Jackson, MS* | 26 (2.4%) | |
| Los Angeles, CA | 136 (12.5%) | |
| Miami, FL* | 35 (3.3%) | |
| San Francisco, CA | 161 (14.8%) | |
| Washington, DC | 129 (11.9%) | |
| Age in years | 35 (28–42) | |
| Race/ethnicity | Black† | 691 (63.7%) |
| Hispanic/Latina | 230 (21.1%) | |
| White† | 122 (11.2%) | |
| Other | 42 (3.9%) | |
| Sexual orientation | Heterosexual | 890 (82.0%) |
| Bisexual | 118 (10.9%) | |
| Lesbian | 60 (5.5%) | |
| Missing | 17 (1.6%) | |
| Education | Less than high school | 356 (32.8%) |
| High school or more | 726 (66.9%) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.3%) | |
| Marital status | Married or living with a partner | 362 (33.4%) |
| Not married or living with a partner | 722 (66.6%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.1%) | |
| Household income | <$12,000/year | 609 (56.1%) |
| ≥$12,000/year | 435 (40.1%) | |
| Missing | 41 (3.8%) | |
| Employed | Yes | 362 (33.4%) |
| No | 620 (66.4%) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.3%) | |
| Physical violence, ever‡ | Yes | 464 (42.8%) |
| No | 370 (34.1%) | |
| Missing | 251 (23.1%) | |
| Sexual violence, ever‡ | Yes | 325 (30.0%) |
| No | 505 (46.5%) | |
| Missing | 255 (23.5%) | |
| Injection drug use, ever | Yes | 223 (20.6%) |
| No | 862 (79.4%) | |
| Number of male sex partners, ever | Median (IQR) | 12 (6–35) |
| Missing | 71 | |
| Number of female sex partners, ever | 0 | 755 (69.6%) |
| ≥1 | 328 (30.2%) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.2%) | |
| Anal intercourse, ever§ | Yes | 419 (38.6%) |
| No | 562 (51.8%) | |
| Missing | 104 (9.6%) | |
| Exchange sex, ever | Yes | 382 (35.3%) |
| No | 700 (64.5%) | |
| Missing | 3 (0.3%) |
IQR = interquartile range.
New sites were added in the 4th recruitment wave. All other sites were added during the first recruitment wave. Variables for which there is no “missing” category contain no missing values.
Black refers to non-Hispanic black women. White refers to non-Hispanic white women.
Violence victimization variables have many missing values as ethical approval was not granted at the Los Angeles and San Francisco study sites.
The number of missing values is high because in the first recruitment wave, women reporting no sex partners in the past 6 months were not asked whether they had ever practiced AI. In subsequent waves, all women were asked whether they had ever practiced AI.