Figure 1.

Logic flowchart for cataract diagnosis and management. The deep learning (DL) algorithm agent was designed to perform the following steps. In step 1, the patient’s lens slit-lamp and retroillumination photograph images and visual acuity are collected. In step 2, the DL algorithm agent analyzes the lens images to determine whether they are normal or if any type of cataract is present. In step 3, the DL algorithm agent determines the patient’s cataract severity based on grading by the network. The visual acuity of the subjects was not used in step 3 of the Dl algorithm but rather in step 4, where the visual acuity was considered to suggest an optimal management plan for each subject. BCVA = best-corrected visual acuity; CO = cortical opacity; NC = nuclear color; NO = nuclear opalescence; PSC = posterior subcapsular opacity.