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. 2022 Oct 13:1–26. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10551-022-05268-x

Table 3.

Corporate reputation: dimensions

Dimension Description Example sources
Communication

Media coverage / use of all media channels available

Use of acoustic and visual footage

Transparent Up-to-date reporting

Presentation of facts and figures

Barnett, M.L., & Leih,S. (Kohtamäki et al.), Coombs, W.T. (2007), Einwiller, S. A., Carroll, C. E., & Korn, K. (2010), Ji, Y. G., Tao, W., & Rim, H. (2020), Köhler, C., Mantrala, M. K., Albers, S., & Kanuri, V. K. (2017)
CSR

Ethical / social responsibility

Environmental conservation

Fair and sustainable production / fair trade

Barnett, M.L. (2007), Bhattacharya, C., Smith, N., & Palazzo (2010), Brammer, S. J., & Pavelin, S. (2006), Greening, D. W., & Turban, D. B. (2000), Hildebrand, D., Sen, S., & Bhattacharya, C. (2011), Kiessling, T., Isaksson, L., & Yasar, B. (2016), Vanhamme, J., & Grobben, B. (2009)
Economic Performance

Financial performance / stability / profitability

Competitive market performance compared to its competitors

Growth potential

Financial risk management

Barnett, M.L. (2007), Fasaei, H., Tempelaar, M. P., & Jansen, J. J. (2018), Gatzert, N. (2015), Jones, G. H., Jones, B. H., & Little, P. (2000), Love, E. G., & Kraatz, M. S. (2017), Roberts, P.W., & Dowling, G. R. (2002), Thakor, A. V. (2015)
Geographical Factors

Sustainable sourcing

Country of Origin effects

Cultural and geographical issues

Hoffmann, N. C., Yin, J., & Hoffmann, S. (2020), Ingenhoff, D., Buhmann, A., White, C., Zhang, T., & Kiousis, S. (2018), Tannous, K., & Yoon, S. (2018)
Innovativeness

First to market

Ability to create trends

Ability to adapt to change

Ability to find new sustainable raw materials or substitutes

Frombrun, C. J., Ponzi, L. J., & Newburry, W. (2015), Sarmento, M., & Simoes, C. (2018), Sridhar, M., & Mehta, A. (2018), Karamchandani, A., Srivastava, S. K., Kumar, S., & Srivastava, A. (2021)
Legal Compliance

Legal risk management

Legal standards and predictability of legal decisions

Bribery and fraud avoidance

Compliance with the law and contracts

Lemke, F., & Petersen, H. L. (2013), Lemke, F., & Petersen, H. L. (2018), Azadegan, A., Syed, T. A., Blome, C., & Tajeddini, K. (2020), Baah, C., Jin, Z., & Tang, L. (2020), Baumgartner, K. T., Ernst, C. A., & Fischer, T. M. (2020), Busse, C., Meinlschmidt, J., & Foerstl, K. (2017)
Management and Leadership

Trust / Credibility / Responsibility of the Leaders / Managers

Clear and transparent management vision and agenda

Risk awareness / risk prevention

Busse, C., Meinlschmidt, J., & Foerstl, K. (2017), Fragouli, E. (2020), Dhingra, V., & Krishnan, H. (2020)
Product / Service

Quality / Value for money

Customer needs / needs fulfillment

Shapiro, C. (1983), Walsh, G., Bartikowski, B., & Beatty, S. E. (2014), Walsh, G., Beatty, S. E., & Holloway, B. B. (2015), Walsh, G., Schaarschmidt, M., & Ivens, S. (2018)
Social Media

Social media performance

Social Media visibility / coverage

Social media content & communication management

Social media engagement with stakeholders

Colicev, A., Kumar, A., & O`Conner, P. (2018), Dijkmans, C., Kerkhof, P., & Beukeboom, C. J. (2015), Ott, L., & Theunissen, P. (2015), Ajayi, O. A., & Mmutle, T. (2021), Coombs, W. T. (2020)
Stakeholder-Corporation Interaction

Stakeholder community integration in decision making processes

Networking with the stakeholders

Feedback speed / feedback frequency

Barnett, M.L. (2007), Quintana-Garciá, C., Benavides-Chicón, C. G., & Marchante-Lara, M. (2020), Wies, S., Hoffmann, A. O., Aspara, J., & Pennings, J. M. (2015)
Technology

Data security / data protection

Access to knowledge and company information

IT System and access stability

Petersen, H. L. & Lemke, F. (2015), Ponzi, L. J., Fombrun, C. J., & Gardberg, N. A. (2011), Karamchandani, A., Srivastava, S. K., Kumar, S., & Srivastava, A. (2021), Mani, V., & Gunasekaran, A. (2021)
Working Environment

Human rights / child labor

Diversification and equal pay

Staff fluctuation / staff satisfaction

Occupational safety / well-being

Chun, R., & Davies, G. (2010), Greening, D. W., & Turban, D. B. (2000), Turban, D. B., & Greening, D. W. (1997), Schaarschmidt, M., & Walsh, G. (2020), Sims, R. (2009), Singh, K., & Misra, M. (2021)