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. 2022 Sep 20;12(19):2502. doi: 10.3390/ani12192502

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Intestinal inflammation was attenuated by dietary precision biotic at 28 days of age. (A) T helper (CD4) and T cell cytotoxic population counts in intestinal tissue samples as a percentage of total lymphocytes in broiler chickens. (B) IgA concentrations in plasma measured by ELISA. (C) Relative gene expression of IL-1β and IFN-γ in ileal mucosa of broiler chickens. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test has been performed on all results; statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) are indicated by different letters or stars on the bars and trends are indicated by p-values. UC: unchallenged control; CC: challenged control; PB: precision biotic.