TABLE 1.
Recent studies comparing oral fluids with serum for the detection of antibodies to HIV by screening assays
| Assaya | Sensitivityb (%) | Specificityc (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole saliva | |||
| Immune complex transfer EIA | 63/63 (100) | 76/76 (100) | Ishikawa et al., 1995 (39) |
| GACELISA VK 61 HIV-1+2 | 49/50 (98) | 57/57 (100) | Luo et al., 1995 (49) |
| Wellcozyme HIV-1+2 VK54/55 | 47/50 (94) | 57/57 (100) | |
| Wellcozyme HIV-1 VK56/57 | 48/50 (96) | 57/57 (100) | |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 35/35 (100) | 35/35 (100) | Fernandez et al., 1994 (21) |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 71/71 (100) | 65/65 (100) | de Pilar Azinheira et al., 1994 (18)d |
| DB ELISA HIV-1 | 89/100 (89) | 94/100 (94) | Chamnanput and Phanuphak, 1993 (9) |
| Genelavia HIV-1/HIV-2 | 100/100 (100) | 96/100 (96) | |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 | 100/100 (100) | 99/100 (99) | |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 100/100 (100) | 100/100 (100) | |
| Recombigen HIV-1/HIV-2 RTD | 20/20 (100) | 20/20 (100) | |
| GACRIA HIV-1 | 17/18 (94.4) | 273/273 (100) | Hunt et al., 1993 (38) |
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 8/8 (100) | 214/214 (100) | |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 48/50 (96) | 50/50 (100) | Urquia et al., 1993 (77) |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 31/32 (96.9) | 43/43 (100) | Gershy-Damet et al., 1992 (28)e |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 49/49 (100) | 50/50 (100) | Thongcharoen et al., 1992 (76) |
| Vironostika HIV-1-Mixt | 79/79 (100) | 115/115 (100) | van den Akker et al., 1992 (79) |
| Vironostika HIV-1 | 142/145 (97.9) | 313/313 (100) | Behets et al., 1991 (7) |
| Recombigen HIV-1 | 117/119 (98.3) | 429/429 (100) | Major et al, 1991 (50) |
| Vironostika HIV-1 | 35/36 (97.2) | 14/14 (100) | Holmstrom et al., 1990 (37) |
| Passive hemagglutination HIV-1 | 19/22 (86.4) | NDf | Vasudevachari et al., 1989 (81) |
| DuPont HIV-1 ELISA | 11/22 (50) | ND | |
| GACRIA HIV-1 | 196/196 (100) | 459/460 (99.8) | Johnson et al., 1988 (42) |
| Wellcozyme HIV-1 Monoclonal | 150/165 (90.9) | 404/405 (99.8) | |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1 | 151/184 (82.1) | 443/443 (100) | |
| Serodia HIV-1 | 175/179 (97.8) | 354/421 (84.1) | |
| GACRIA HIV-1 | 41/41 (100) | 10/10 (100) | Parry et al., 1987 (60) |
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 43/43 (100) | 10/10 (100) | |
| OraSure | |||
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 474/474 (100) | 3,940/3,948 (99.8) | Granade et al., 1998 (31) |
| Oral-fluid Vironostika HIV-1 | 470/474 (99.2) | 3,915/3,948 (99.2) | |
| Vironostika HIV-1 | 468/474 (98.7) | 3,948/3,948 (100) | |
| Oral-fluid Vironostika HIV-1 | 672/673 (99.9) | 2,893/2,897 (99.9) | Gallo et al., 1997 (26) |
| Abbott HIV-1 AB | 195/195 (100) | 198/198 (100) | Emmons et al., 1995 (19) |
| Coulter HIV-1 EIA | 108/109 (99.1) | 16/16 (100) | Gomez et al., 1994 (29) |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 | 38/41 (92.7) | 244/244 (100) | |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 44/44 (100) | 243/243 (100) | Holm-Hansen et al., 1993 (36) |
| SUDS HIV-1 | 35/36 (97.2) | 230/230 (100) | |
| Organon Teknika HIV-1 EIA | 354/356 (99.4) | 1,524/1,524 (100) | Soto-Ramirez et al., 1992 (71) |
| Omni-SAL | |||
| Detect HIV 1/2 | 51/52 (98.1) | 35/35 (100) | Solomon et al., 1997 (70) |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 195/205 (95.1) | 295/297 (99.3) | Grant et al., 1996 (33) |
| Organon Teknika HIV-1 | 149/149 (100) | 135/136 (99.3) | Granade et al., 1995 (30) |
| Abbott 3A11 EIA | 149/149 (100) | 135/136 (99.3) | |
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 149/149 (100) | 135/136 (99.3) | |
| Recombigen HIV-1 | 358/368 (97.3) | 888/888 (100) | King et al., 1995 (43) |
| OraScreen Dipstick HIV-1/HIV-2 | 71/75 (94.7) | 195/196 (99.5) | Leow et al., 1995 (47) |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 133/133 (100) | 151/153 (98.7) | Vall Mayans et al., 1995 (78) |
| Detect HIV 1/2 | 168/172 (97.7) | 814/814 (100) | Wongba et al., 1995 (83) |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 115/115 (100) | 451/451 (100) | Chassany et al., 1994 (10) |
| Recombigen HIV-1 | 70/75 (93.3) | 1,404/1,405 (99.9) | Frerichs et al., 1994 (24) |
| Abbott HIV-1 AB | 74/75 (98.7) | 1,393/1,405 (99.1) | |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 75/75 (100) | 1,403/1,405 (99.9) | |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 300/300 (100) | 1,647/1,654 (99.6) | Frerichs et al., 1994 (25) |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 | 139/139 (100) | 52/52 (100) | Lu et al., 1994 (48) |
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 139/139 (100) | 52/52 (100) | |
| Recombigen HIV-1 | 315/315 (100) | 207/207 (100) | Fitzgibbons et al., 1993 (22) |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 | 315/315 (100) | 207/207 (100) | |
| Recombigen HIV-1 | 68/75 (90.7) | 1,424/1,426 (99.9)g | Frerichs et al., 1992 (23) |
| 71/75 (94.7) | 1,423/1,425 (99.9)h | ||
| ImmunoComb II HIV-1 and HIV-2 | 62/62 (100) | 527/527 (100) | Saville et al., 1997 (67)i |
| Salivette | |||
| Abbott TestPack HIV-1/HIV-2 | 103/104 (99) | 137/137 (100) | Martinez et al., 1995 (55) |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 104/104 (100) | 112/137 (81.8) | |
| Assaya | Sensitivityb (%) | Specificityc (%) | Reference |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 50/50 (100) | 127/127 (100) | Connell et al., 1993 (12) |
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 4/4 (100) | 94/94 (100) | Covell et al., 1993 (15) |
| Wellcozyme HIV-1/2 ELISA | 133/135 (98.5) | 87/87 (100) | Stark et al., 1993 (72) |
| Biotest HIV-1/2 ELISA | 132/135 (97.8) | 87/87 (100) | |
| GACELISA HIV-1 | 49/50 (98) | 50/50 (100) | Crofts et al., 1991 (16) |
| Abbott Recombinant HIV-1 | 44/50 (88) | 50/50 (100) | |
| GACELISA HIV-1+2 | 42/42 (100) | 48/48 (100) | Klokke et al., 1991 (44) |
| Orapette, SalivaCard HIV-1/HIV-2 | 114/114 (100) | 501/502 (99.8) | Saville et al., 1997 (67)j |
| Foam swab, GACELISA VK 61 HIV-1+2 | 34/34 (100) | 297/297 (100) | Tess et al., 1996 (74) |
a
As named by the authors.
b
Number of reactive oral-fluid specimens/total seropositive specimens.
c
Number of nonreactive oral-fluid specimens/total seronegative specimens.
d
Includes 60 saliva specimens from HIV-2-infected individuals.
e
Includes eight saliva specimens from HIV-2-infected individuals.
f
ND, not done.
g
From testing performed in Myanma.
h
From testing performed in Vancouver, Wash.
i
Includes four oral-fluid specimens from HIV-2-infected individuals.
j
Includes five oral-fluid specimens from HIV-2-infected individuals.