TABLE 2.
Recent studies comparing oral fluids with serum for the confirmation of antibodies to HIV by Western blot
| Western blot assay (no. of patients testeda) | No. of patients with the following oral-fluid WB resultb:
|
Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Posi- tive | Indeter- minate | Nega- tive | ||
| Whole saliva | ||||
| Organon Teknika | van den Akker et al., 1992 (79) | |||
| Recombinant blot (20) | 20 | 0 | 0 | |
| Standard blot (20) | 7 | 12 | 1 | |
| DuPont (142) | 137 | 5 | 0 | Behets et al., 1991 (7) |
| In-house (103) | 103 | 0 | 0 | Major et al., 1991 (50) |
| Organon Teknika (35) | 33 | 2 | 0 | Holmstrom et al., 1990 (37) |
| DuPont (19) | 19 | 0 | 0 | Vasudevachari et al., 1989 (81) |
| OraSure | ||||
| In-house (474) | 473 | 1 | 0 | Granade et al., 1998 (31) |
| Epitope OraSure (673) | 665 | 8 | 0 | Gallo et al., 1997 (26) |
| Cambridge Biotech (195) | 190 | 5 | 0 | Emmons et al., 1995 (19) |
| Pasteur (108) | 108 | 0 | 0 | Gomez et al., 1994 (29) |
| Organon Teknika (355) | 301 | 52 | 2 | Soto-Ramirez et al., 1992 (71) |
| Omni-SAL | ||||
| Bio-Rad (195) | 195 | 0 | 0 | Grant et al., 1996 (33) |
| In-house (149) | 149 | 0 | 0 | Granade et al., 1995 (30) |
| Cambridge Biotech (315) | 282 | 33 | 0 | Fittzgibbons et al., 1993 (22) |
| Salivette | ||||
| Genelabs 2.2 (102) | 102 | 0 | 0 | Martinez et al., 1995 (55) |
| Bio-Rad (47) | 26 | 19 | 2 | Crofts et al., 1991 (16) |
| Foam swab, Genelabs 2.2 (34) | 34 | 0 | 0 | Tess et al., 1996 (74) |
Data includes only matched oral-fluid and serum specimens that were positive for HIV antibodies by a screening assay.
A positive oral-fluid Western blot was defined as one demonstrating at least two envelope bands (gp 160, gp 120, or gp41) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria (84) or at least two of three bands (gp160/gp120, gp41, or p24) as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (8). Ten laboratories used the CDC criteria, three laboratories used the WHO criteria, and the criteria were not stated for two of the laboratories.