Table D4.
Results at Different Stages of the Pandemic with 1500 Clusters.
| Variable | PANEL A: Post = 1 for Post-COVID period (March 19-May 31, 2020) vs Pre-COVID Period (January 1–22, 2020) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat | Sugar | Sodium | Protein | Fiber | NRF | NPI | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | |
| Post | −0.946*** | −1.983*** | −34.660*** | 0.240* | 0.197* | 4.464** | 1.497*** |
| (0.259) | (0.464) | (9.965) | (0.121) | (0.092) | (1.885) | (0.277) | |
| K-means 1500 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Other Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City-month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chain FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day of the week FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hour FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 317,921 | 317,921 | 317,921 | 317,921 | 317,921 | 317,921 | 317,921 |
| R-squared | 0.254 | 0.367 | 0.160 | 0.246 | 0.222 | 0.169 | 0.284 |
| Variable | PANEL B: Post=1 for Post-COVID Period (March 19-May 31, 2020) vs COVID Period (January 23-March 18, 2020) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat | Sugar | Sodium | Protein | Fiber | NRF | NPI | |
| (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | |
| Post | −0.241*** | −5.382*** | −30.545*** | 0.710** | 0.713*** | 9.420*** | 3.396*** |
| (0.007) | (0.396) | (6.074) | (0.270) | (0.055) | (1.884) | (0.415) | |
| K-means 1500 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Other Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City-month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chain FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day of the week FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hour FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 314,223 | 314,223 | 314,223 | 314,223 | 314,223 | 314,223 | 314,223 |
| R-squared | 0.235 | 0.357 | 0.165 | 0.238 | 0.227 | 0.174 | 0.299 |
| Variable | PANEL C: Post=1 for Post-Covid Period (March 19-May 31, 2020) vs year 2019 (March 19-May 31, 2019) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fat | Sugar | Sodium | Protein | Fiber | NRF | NPI | |
| (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) | |
| Post | −2.948*** | −1.220** | −37.868*** | 1.686*** | 0.085*** | 5.140*** | 1.594*** |
| (0.315) | (0.386) | (0.399) | (0.170) | (0.006) | (1.300) | (0.108) | |
| K-means 1500 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Other Controls | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City-month | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Chain FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day of the week FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hour FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Day FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Observations | 515,691 | 515,691 | 515,691 | 515,691 | 515,691 | 515,691 | 515,691 |
| R-squared | 0.267 | 0.389 | 0.200 | 0.273 | 0.175 | 0.215 | 0.306 |
The regressions are estimated using weighted least squares. The dependent variable is the weighted daily number of transactions in each restaurant. Note that *, **, *** indicate 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence intervals. All errors are clustered at the city level.