TABLE 1.

The activators of Nrf2 and Nrf2 pathway in experimental ICH models.

	Compounds	Model	Targets	Efficacy	References
Nrf2 activators	Sulforaphane	Autologous blood-induced rat/mouse ICH model	Keap1	CAT ↑, SOD ↑, NQO1 ↑, GST ↑, 3′-NT ↓, 4-HNE ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Zhao et al., 2007
	(−)-Epicatechin	Collagenase-induced mouse ICH model	Keap1	SOD1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, neurologic deficits ↓	Chang et al., 2014
	Isoliquiritigenin	Collagenase IV-induced rat ICH model	Keap1	GSH ↑, SOD ↑, CAT ↑, ROS ↓, GSSG ↓, 3-NT ↓, 8-OHdG ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Zeng et al., 2017
	Luteolin	Autologous blood-induced rat ICH model	Keap1	HO-1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, neurologic deficits ↓	Tan et al., 2019
	Dimethyl fumarate	Collagenase- or autologous blood-induced rat/mouse ICH model	Keap1, p-Nrf2	HO-1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, CAT ↑, brain edema ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Iniaghe et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2015
	Curcumin	Autologous blood-induced rat ICH model	Keap1	GSH ↑, HO-1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, Gpx4 ↑, ROS ↓, MDA ↓, intracranial hematoma ↓	Dinkova-Kostova et al., 2001
	RS9	Autologous blood-induced mouse ICH model	Keap1, p-Nrf2	HO-1 ↑, SOD-1 ↑, brain edema ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Sugiyama et al., 2018
Activators of Nrf2 pathway	Phillyrin	Collagenase IV-induced mouse ICH model	Nrf2 signaling pathway	HO-1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, SOD-1 ↑	Guo et al., 2021
	Polydatin	Autologous blood-induced rat ICH model	Nrf2 signaling pathway	HO-1 ↑, NQO1 ↑, SOD ↑, GSH ↑, brain edema ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Zhao et al., 2020
	Crocin	Autologous blood-induced mouse ICH model	Nrf2 signaling pathway	SOD ↑, GSH-px ↑, MDA ↓, GPX4 ↑, FTH1 ↑, SLC7A11 ↑, brain edema ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Wang et al., 2022
	Ghrelin	Autologous blood-induced mouse ICH model	Nrf2 signaling pathway	NQO1 ↑, GCLC ↑, SOD1 ↑, MDA ↓, brain edema ↓, neurologic deficits ↓	Cheng et al., 2020
	Albumin	Autologous blood-induced rat ICH model	p-Nrf2, Nrf2 signaling pathway	HO-1 ↑, long-term neurological deficit ↓	Deng et al., 2021