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. 2022 Sep 22;12(19):2540. doi: 10.3390/ani12192540

Table 4.

Reasons reported by farmers for not achieving each welfare level for each positive welfare opportunity.

Positive Welfare Opportunity Capital Investment Running Costs Time Contractual Constraints Unaware of Benefit No Welfare Benefit This Idea Is New Other
Comfort by physical environment, welfare + 9/12
(75%)
3/12
(25%)
0 0 0 0 0 7/12 (58%)
Comfort by physical environment, welfare ++ 4/15
(27%)
10/15
(67%)
7/15 (47%) 1/15
(7%)
1/15
(7%)
2/15 (13%) 0 11/14 (79%)
Comfort by physical environment, welfare +++ 9/14
(64%)
3/14
(21%)
0 0 0 2/14 (14%) 0 5/14 (36%)
Interest by pasture choices, welfare + 2/5
(40%)
2/5
(40%)
1/5 (20%) 0 0 1/5 (20%) 0 5/5 (100%)
Interest by pasture choices, welfare ++ 2/6
(33%)
2/6 (33%) 1/6 (17%) 1/6
(17%)
0 2/6 (33%) 0 6/6 (100%)
Interest by pasture choices, welfare +++ 0 1/7
(14%)
1/7 (14%) 0 1/7
(7%)
1/7 (7%) 0 6/7 (86%)
Pleasure by play and positive social interactions, welfare + 0 0 0 0 1/1 (100%) 0 0 1/1 (100%)
Pleasure by play and positive social interactions, welfare ++ 2/5
(40%)
1/5 (20%) 0 1/5
(20%)
0 0 0 3/5 (60%)
Pleasure by play and positive social interactions, welfare +++ 2/5
(40%)
1/5 (20%) 0 0 0 0 1/5 (20%) 3/5 (60%)
Pleasure maintenance cow-calf bond + 2/20
(10%)
2/20 (10%) 3/20 (15%) 0 0 8/20 (40%) 0 17/20 (85%)
Pleasure maintenance cow-calf bond ++ 2/10
(10%)
2/10 (10%) 3/10 (30%) 1/10
(10%)
1/10 (10%) 6/10 (60%) 0 5/10 (50%)
Pleasure maintenance cow-calf bond +++ 3/7
(43%)
3/7 (43%) 2/7 (29%) 2/7
(29%)
0 2/7 (29%) 0 2/7 (29%)