Table 3.

Autonomic system reaction mechanism: subcategory, characteristics, and triggers.

Author(s), year	Subcategory	Associated characteristics	Potential triggers
Demmink-Geertman & Dejonckere (2002, 2008); Helou et al. (2013, 2018)	Autonomic system reaction (Fight or flight)	General neurovegetative complaints (e.g., cold hands/feet; excessive perspiration, tinnitus; lack of energy; etc.) Neurovegetative complaints with some relation to voice (e.g., allergy, sore throat, hyperventilation, neck pain while or after speaking, etc.) Laryngeal muscle response concomitant with autonomic nervous system activation	Internal or external “threat”: Life situations, stress, anxiety, emotional problems, triggering memory, image, thought