Table 7.

Inflammatory mechanisms: subcategories, characteristics, and triggers.

Author(s), year	Subcategories	Associated characteristics	Potential triggers
Karkos et al. (2007)	Primary inflammatory mechanism (cellular response)	Positive 24-hr pH monitoring	GERD/LPR
Angsuwarangsee & Morrison (2002); Gill & Morrison (1998); Van Houtte et al. (2012)	Secondary inflammatory mechanism (coordinated aerodigestive response)	High upper esophageal sphincter pressure on manometry (test measuring esophageal motility)	GERD/LPR

Note. GERD = gastroesophageal reflux disease; LPR = laryngopharyngeal reflux.