Table 3.
Descriptive statistics and by-group t tests for working memory experimental task conditions, recall reaction time and accuracy (see Interference Processing Task Descriptive Performance and t Tests section for interference processing task descriptive performance).
| Condition | TD (n = 34) | DLD (n = 21) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Verbal within | |||
| Accuracy | M = 0.89 | M = 0.67 | TD > DLD*** |
| SD = 0.12 | SD = 0.26 | r 2 = .24 | |
| Reaction time | M = 1963.12 | M = 2176.00 | p = .12 |
| SD = 461.78 | SD = 509.12 | r 2 = .03 | |
| Verbal divided | |||
| Accuracy | M = 0.91 | M = 0.77 | TD > DLD** |
| SD = 0.12 | SD = 0.20 | r 2 = .15 | |
| Reaction time | M = 1793.02 | M = 1930.52 | p = .30 |
| SD = 430.74 | SD = 510.12 | r 2 = .00 | |
| Nonverbal within | |||
| Accuracy | M = 0.87 | M = 0.72 | TD > DLD** |
| SD = 0.14 | SD = 0.21 | r 2 = .14 | |
| Reaction time | M = 1942.82 | M = 2161.63 | p = .16 |
| SD = 516.19 | SD = 599.74 | r 2 = .02 | |
| Nonverbal divided | |||
| Accuracy | M = 0.90 | M = 0.67 | TD > DLD*** |
| SD = 0.12 | SD = 0.26 | r 2 = .25 | |
| Reaction time | M = 2251.03 | M = 2684.55 | TD < DLD* |
| SD = 684.68 | SD = 879.77 | r 2 = .05 | |
| Distributed | |||
| Accuracy | M = 0.89 | M = 0.76 | TD > DLD** |
| SD = 0.10 | SD = 0.21 | r 2 = .15 | |
| Reaction time | M = 2089.22 | M = 2528.06 | TD < DLD* |
| SD = 531.30 | SD = 829.71 | r 2 = .08 |
Note. Reaction time values are reported only for correct trials. Outlier observations have been removed. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; TD = typically developing; DLD = developmental language disorder.
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.