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. 2022 Sep 29;13:946915. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.946915

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Scheme of the AI-based applications integrating DR screening with multimodal features. Fundus image inputs, including digital fundus photography and OCT, integrated with multimodal features, are indicative for diverse systemic diseases such as diabetes, nephropathy, cognitive disorder, and cerebro- or cardiovascular disease, facilitating the four perspectives of medical practice concerned.