Table 1.
Cohort Characteristics
| Characteristic | All | Control Group | Diabetes Mellitus and No Diabetic Retinopathy | Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | Peripheral Diabetic Retinopathy Only∗ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of eyes | 441 | 328 | 55 | 58 | 11 |
| No of individuals | 296 | 222 | 39 | 44 | 9 |
| Age, yrs | 66.1 ± 8.1 | 65.6 ± 8.3 | 68.6 ± 7 | 66.2 ± 7.5 | 68.3 ± 5.2 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.1 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.8 ± 2.4 | 7.2 ± 2 |
| Duration of diabetes (mos) | 120 (60–180) | N/A | 96 (60–180) | 120 (60–180) | 120 (54–144) |
| Diabetes type | |||||
| I | 1 (1.8) | 7 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| II | 43 (78.2) | 51 (87.9) | 11 (100.0) | ||
| Unknown | 11 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
| Spherical equivalent | 0.7 ± 2 | 0.7 ± 2 | 1 ± 2 | 0.8 ± 2.4 | 0.1 ± 2.3 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 167 (37.9) | 149 (45.4) | 6 (10.9) | 12 (20.7) | 1 (9.1) |
| Female | 274 (62.1) | 179 (54.6) | 49 (89.1) | 46 (79.3) | 10 (90.9) |
| History of hypertension | |||||
| Negative | 249 (56.5) | 218 (66.5) | 18 (32.7) | 13 (22.4) | 1 (9.1) |
| Positive | 192 (43.5) | 110 (33.5) | 37 (67.3) | 45 (77.6) | 10 (90.9) |
| Smoking status | |||||
| Never | 232 (52.6) | 182 (55.5) | 27 (49.1) | 23 (39.7) | 4 (36.4) |
| Former | 176 (39.9) | 125 (38.1) | 22 (40.0) | 29 (50.0) | 7 (63.6) |
| Current | 21 (4.8) | 9 (2.7) | 6 (10.9) | 6 (10.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| Unknown | 12 (2.7) | 12 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; N/A = not applicable.
Data are presented as mean±standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or no. (%).
∗
Subgroup of diabetes retinopathy group.