Figure 4.

Brain atrophy patterns that were correlated with each retinal layer in individuals without dementia by voxel-based morphometry (VBM), 2017. The yellow-red heat map shows brain regions associated with a thinner retinal layer after excluding individuals with dementia from the total study population. We used a multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, education, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive agents, diabetes, serum total cholesterol, body mass index, cerebrovascular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, smoking habits, drinking habits, regular exercise, axial length, and intracranial volume. The color intensity represents T-statistic values, and there was a strong positive correlation between these values and the intensity of the yellow color. A, Ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL): The region of brain atrophy mainly involved the right hippocampus, right amygdala, bilateral lingual gyrus, bilateral thalamus, right calcarine cortex, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral basal ganglia, cingulum, and cerebellum. B, Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL): The region of brain atrophy mainly involved the left thalamus, right calcarine cortex, left middle temporal gyrus, left basal ganglia, and cerebellum.